Research On The Establishment Of Xijing Accompanying Capital During The National Government Period (1932-1945)

In 1932,the January 28th Incident broke out.In order to ensure the safety of Nanjing and make preparations for a prolonged war of resistance,Nanjing National Government moved to Luoyang on January 30.In 1932,National Government decided to establish "Changan as the temporary capital,named Xijing".This thesis takes the preparation process of Xijing,the temporary capital,from 1932 to 1945 as the research object,focuses on specific construction situation of Xijing,existing problems,the interaction between various organs in the construction process,its role and influence on construction of Xijing,which helps deepen the understanding of the history of Xi'an,enrich the research of Republic of China and the Anti-Japanese War.On March 5,1932,Nanjing National Government decided to Xi'an as temporary capital.Xi'an is an inland city,far from the front line of the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression,which is conducive to temporarily avoiding the Japanese invasion.At the same time,Xi'an is also an important gateway into the northwest,and Xi'an as temporary capital is conducive to the development of the entire northwest.In addition,Xi'an is located in the Guanzhong plain,rich in natural resources,and the surrounding passes,mountains and rivers interweave to form a natural protection barrier,which are all favorable conditions for Xi'an to be selected as temporary capital.After Xi'an was selected as the temporary capital,Nanjing National Government appointed Zhang Ji and others to form the Xijing preparatory committee.In order to share the burden of building the temporary capital,the Xijing preparatory committee,Shaanxi provincial government and the northwest office of the National Economic Council jointly set up the Xijing municipal construction committee.In cooperation with the local government of Shaanxi province,the two departments have made some achievements in building roads,arranging land,digging Wells,planting trees and seedlings,protecting cultural relics and historic sites,establishing primary schools,drawing maps and compiling books,etc.All of which have had a positive impact on the urban construction of Xi'an.There are also many problems in the process of building Xi'an by the Xijing preparatory committee and the Xijing municipal construction committee.The first is a shortage of construction funds.Due to the financial strain of the central government,the capital's construction funds are often not allocated on time and in accordance with quotas,which brings certain difficulties to the construction work.Secondly,the management between Xijing municipal construction committee and Shaanxi provincial government is chaotic.The unclear division of powers and responsibilities between the two organs and the phenomenon of overlapping work easily lead to the waste of human resources and hinder the construction process.Finally,there are land contradictions and disputes between the construction authorities and the public.Urban construction inevitably leads to the problem of land occupation,including the occupation of land by construction organs and the illegal use of land by the people.In view of these problems,the Xijing preparatory committee and the Xijing municipal construction committee have made efforts to take measures to solve them.However,these problems cannot be completely solved that affected by political,economic and other factors.After the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression broke out in full force,the Chinese army put up strong resistance in Shanxi,Hebei,Shanghai and other places,but all were defeated.On August 13,1937,the Battle of Shanghai broke out.To ensure the security of National Government,Chiang kai-shek and other leaders decided to move the capital to Chongqing.After a period of time,National Government still maintained the construction of Xi'an.In order to improve administrative efficiency,National Government began to gradually adjust the setup of central and local organs in the 1940s.As both the Xijing municipal construction committee and the newly established Xi'an municipal construction department were responsible for the urban construction of Xi'an,in order to streamline the organization,National Government abolished the Xijing municipal construction committee in January 1942,and the assets of the committee were managed by the Xijing preparatory committee.On September 1,1944,the new Xi'an municipal government was established,because of Xi'an municipal government and Xijing preparatory committee overlap in the working content,National Government decided to abolish Xijing preparatory committee,to June 30,1945,all the work of Xijing preparatory committee came to an end.Thus,the 13-year preparatory work officially came to an end.The preparation of Xijing temporary capital brought great changes to Xi'an,making Xi'an gradually develop from a relatively backward city into a modern city,and to a certain extent,it promoted the development of northwest China and played a positive role in stabilizing the rear area.