A Preliminary Study On The Reasons For The Development Of The Wine Industry In Guizhou In The Qing Dynasty

During the Qing Dynasty,the social and economic development of Guizhou reached a new height,and the wine industry has also made new development.It enjoys a great reputation in wine making,showing its long history,many wines,wide distribution,good quality,and large scale.The rapid development of the wine industry in Guizhou in the Qing Dynasty was the result of a combination of factors.Among them,one of the most important factors is the wine administration of the Qing government.The Qing government has strict management of wine production and sales,and usually implements a prohibition policy.However,because the wine industry is often lucrative,many people risked the ban to engage in the production of wine under the temptation of high profits.Guizhou is located in the frontier area of ethnic minorities,and there is a big difference between the customs and the people.Liquor is one of the important items used to sacrifice and resist Lan Meng(Malaria among Mountains and Forests),so the Qing government implemented tax and wine policies in these areas.The relatively loose policy is undoubtedly a favorable factor for the local wine industry,allowing private wineries to have free development space.In the Guizhou area,which is located in the southwest corner,there are fewer restrictions.The restaurants have set up wineries and wineries.For the sake of competition,the winemaking technology has gradually improved,and they have also absorbed foreign brewing techniques.Wine came into being.Moreover,wine is a necessity for local people’s lives and has a broad market prospect.In a word,for the Guizhou region,the wine policy of the Qing government has a weak influence on the Guizhou region,which provides a better socio-economic environment for the development of local winemaking and objectively promotes the development of Guizhou winemaking industry.The production of wine benefits from the unique local natural environment.Guizhou is located in the subtropical warm monsoon region.The mountain and water topography forms a special climate with humid climate,warm winter and hot summer,which is very suitable for human production and living activities.From the perspective of climatic conditions,a warm and humid climate with a small local temperature difference is also conducive to the growth and reproduction of wine-making microorganisms,forming a relatively stable and unique microbiome,which can provide sufficient "power" for brewing high-quality wine.The wine industry cannot be separated from high-quality water sources.The underground springs and streams in Guizhou have moderate pH and hardness,and the water contains a lot of beneficial trace elements,thus providing a rare high-quality water source for the local wine industry.Natural conditions have created a unique natural ecological environment for local wine brewing.Because the wine industry needs to consume a large amount of food,in ancient times,the development of the wine industry was closely related to food production.Successive dynasties have repeatedly implemented the "no alcohol" or wine monopoly policy in order to limit "consumption of food".In the Qing Dynasty,Guizhou’s wheat cultivation has developed.In addition,the introduction and continuous promotion of foreign agricultural crops such as sweet potatoes and Baogu and other drought-tolerant and high-yielding crops,more and more food is used for winemaking,thus providing Guizhou’s wine industry development.A solid material foundation.Moreover,the rise and fall of the wine industry in a period is also closely related to market development.With the continuous development of agricultural production,some farmers have entered the market.selling various agricultural products or self-produced agricultural and sideline products,the exchange of commodities has gradually become active,the commercialization rate of grain has continued to increase,and the urban handicraft and commercial industries have developed accordingly.Correspondingly,the development of the wine industry has been stimulated,and restaurants,tea houses,etc.have also shown a thriving scene.Guizhou has never produced salt.The common salt sold in Guizhou is mainly Huai salt and Zhejiang salt,followed by Sichuan salt and Yunnan salt.Among the many table salt sold in Guizhou in the Qing Dynasty,Sichuan Salt Co.,Ltd.has gradually occupied the sales market of Guizhou Salt Industry in the fierce competition in the sales market due to its relatively low price,relatively light tax,and improved transportation conditions.In the past,there was a situation in which the government forced the people to fill their pockets,which led to the collapse of businesses and the people lacked salt.Ding Baozhen,the gold governor of Sichuan,went to change the state’s salt affairs,set up a salt tea ceremony,undertook investment promotion,official supervision,commercial operation,and sales.After the promulgation and implementation of the salt government reform measures,all banks organized Sichuan salt into Guizhou according to regulations.Many merchants also profited from the sale of salt,and the number of merchants selling salt was increasing day by day.Businessmen from Shaanxi,Shanxi,and other regions came one after another.The storefronts along the way have become wider and wider,and commerce along the way has become active again.A number of vibrant commercial towns have emerged on the "Salt Road",with numerous shops and restaurants."Sichuan Salt into Guizhou" has greatly stimulated the development of Guizhou liquor,and the sale of liquor has developed linearly along with transportation.In order to meet the needs of life,merchants further improve the quality of wine and improve the brewing technology of wine,which will have a negligible role in promoting the external quality sales of Guizhou famous wine.