Study On Guizhou's Famine Relief In The Qing Dynasty

China has always been a disaster-prone country.Disasters,especially natural disasters,occur frequently,seriously jeopardizing people's survival and social development.Due to the special geographical environment and climatic characteristics of Guizhou,natural disasters such as heavy rains,droughts,floods,rains and rains occur frequently,and disasters occur almost every year,causing famine problems to occur frequently.Serious disasters have caused serious impacts on Guizhou in the Qing Dynasty.It is especially important to solve the disasters and relieve the victims.In Guizhou in the Qing Dynasty,the disaster relief system was relatively complete.There was a set of rigorous disaster relief procedures,which were mainly divided into several steps: disaster reporting,disaster investigation,auditing,auditing,and investigation.Each part has specific regulations and close cooperation.A brief overview of each chapter follows.The first chapter introduces and discusses the main disasters and famines in Guizhou during the Qing Dynasty from the types,characteristics and hazards of natural disasters,so as to understand the background of Guizhou's disaster relief.The main information in this part comes from the historical records of the Qing Dynasty,the local disasters in Guizhou,and other disasters,as well as the "Guizhou Natural Disaster Chronology" and "China Meteorological Disaster Codes·Guizhou Volume" and other materials.Analysis and statistics on disasters and famines.The second chapter mainly discusses the operation mechanism and legal procedures of the disaster relief in Guizhou in the Qing Dynasty.First of all,the first part discusses the operation mechanism of the disaster relief in the Qing Dynasty,mainly including the central and local content.Discuss the specific responsibilities of the central cadres,households and other departments in the process of disaster relief.At the local level,the province,the prefecture,the county,and the grassroots organizations were mainly discussed in order to understand the disaster relief mechanism and the main body of the disaster in Guizhou in the Qing Dynasty.The legal procedures were analyzed and discussed from the five parts of disaster reporting,surveying,auditing,auditing,and investigation,thus providing a better understanding of the procedures for disaster relief in Guizhou during the Qing Dynasty.The main sources of information in this section are the Qing Dynasty's "Conference Code","Conference Cases","The Case",Li Wenhai,Xia Mingfang,"China's Famine Policy","Qing Dynasty Literature General Examination",Xu Dong's "Pastoral The book,the "Emperor of the World" and other literature,as well as Guizhou local chronicles and other local literature.Official texts are combined with local data to discuss this part.The third chapter mainly discusses the raising of Guizhou's materials in the Qing Dynasty,and analyzes the sources of Guizhou's disaster relief food and money,and explores how the disaster relief food and silver are raised in the event of disasters in Guizhou in the Qing Dynasty.How's it going? The information in this part of the content is mainly collected from the "Qing Shi Lu","Conference Cases",and Guizhou local chronicles and other materials.The fourth chapter is "the pre-treatment measures for the disasters of the Guizhou government in the Qing Dynasty".It mainly wants to analyze and discuss the specific measures implemented by the Qing government from the aspects of pre-disaster preparedness,disaster relief,post-disaster remediation and reconstruction.For the government,it is also an important measure for disaster prevention and preparedness to vigorously advocate the construction of water conservancy in order to prevent droughts and floods,attach importance to and develop agricultural production,persuade farmers to cultivate agriculture,and implement measures such as saving.The rulers of the Qing Dynasty also implemented these measures to reduce losses and maintain domination.The fifth chapter is "the disaster relief measures of civil society",which mainly refers to the economic measures at the civilian level.The frequent occurrence of disasters and sudden changes are difficult to predict,and the power of the national government alone cannot completely solve the disaster relief problem.The Qing government has taken various measures to encourage other non-official forces to participate in the relief of disasters while exerting the power of disaster relief and disaster relief and the ability to control the disaster.With the increasing economic strength,the voluntary disaster prevention and relief activities of the people have become increasingly active and become a major disaster relief force in addition to the national government.The main content is to specifically discuss the disaster prevention and mitigation and disaster relief situation at the civil level,which is mainly reflected in the folk warehousing such as nostalgia,rich people,merchants donating money to build Yicang,donating grain storage,porridge and disaster victims,building Pujitang,etc.Charitable organizations,medical treatment,donation,donation,and other activities.The sixth chapter is the "characteristics and Evaluationof the disaster relief in Guizhou in the Qing Dynasty".The last chapter is the analysis,summary and summary of the full text,and discusses the enlightenment of Guizhou's disaster relief in the Qing Dynasty.In the Qing Dynasty,the disaster-stricken people of Guizhou had the characteristics of the Qing Dynasty rulers attaching great importance to disasters and the huge expenditure of government disaster relief.Factors affecting the effect of the economy,such as traffic conditions,the attitude of the officials who run the office,and other factors will affect the characteristics of the disaster.The Qing Dynasty's disaster relief and relief systems,measures,and ideas have an important impact on today's disaster relief work.In the Qing Dynasty,although there was no specialized disaster relief agency,the central government and the local government attached great importance to the relief of disaster relief and disasters.Therefore,studying the disaster relief in the Qing Dynasty has important implications for the present.These are the specific contents to be discussed in this chapter.The article makes a detailed analysis of the source and collection of disaster relief materials in Guizhou in the Qing Dynasty.With regard to the disaster relief measures in Guizhou in the Qing Dynasty,the author mainly started from the two disaster relief entities of the government and civil society,and analyzed the pre-disaster preparedness,disaster relief and post-disaster remediation and reconstruction measures to explore the disaster relief process in Guizhou in the Qing Dynasty.In what role does the government and civil society play,and what role it plays in disaster relief.The last part of the article is mainly based on the analysis of the data,and discusses the characteristics of the disaster relief in Guizhou in the Qing Dynasty.The series of measures to relieve the disasters implemented by Guizhou in the Qing Dynasty played a positive role in helping the victims and reducing the losses caused by disasters.However,it is undeniable that there are also many drawbacks,and there are many factors that affect the effectiveness of disaster relief.Therefore,through the study of the disaster relief situation in Guizhou in the Qing Dynasty,it can have a certain historical reference for Guizhou's disaster relief work in the future.