| Previous studies have found that in the two-player ultimatum game,the recipient accept a more unequal distribution when distributers express happy emotion rather than angry emotion(Mussel,Goritz,&Hewig,2013),whereas the recipient's anger also cause the proposer to adjust the fairness degree of the distribution(Klapwijk,Peters,Vermeiren,&Lelieveld,2013;Lelieveld et al.,2014),which verified the influence of interpersonal emotion on the fairness decision-making behavior in the two-player ultimatum game.However,in the context of group-based fairness decision-making,which have multiple recipients who need to make fairness decisions together,and each recipient's choice will affect whether the fairness goals of the group can be realized,whether the emotional expression between the recipients can Influence each other's decision-making behavior?This study attempts to take interpersonal anger as an example through the multiple recipients Ultimatum game task,to explore whether the expression of anger among recipients in group-based fairness decision-making affects the participant's fairness decision-making behavior and the neural mechanism behind it.Experiment 1 compared the effect of different expressions of anger,neutrality,and happy in a multi-recipients ultimatum game on the rejection rates of individuals under different distributions.By adapting previous research's multi-recipients ultimatum game task,we set one proposer and two proposers in this multi-recipients ultimatum game.The proposer will divide the 24yuan between the three,and the two recipients will be given the same amount,the most fair distribution scheme is 8/8/8,namely 8 yuan per person;The most unfair distribution is 22/1/1,where the proposer gets 22 yuan,1 yuan per recipient.As one of the recipients,the participant made a decision after receiving the emotional feedback from another recipient on the allocation scheme.Then,participant decide whether to accept the assignment.The results show that the rejection rate increases with the distribution's fairness degree decreasing.At the same time,the peer's emotional expression also significantly affected the rejection rate of the participant,and there were differences in the distribution schemes.Under the relatively fair(14/5/5,12/6/6)allocation scheme,subjects were more likely to be affected by anger.Compared with neutral emotion,rejection rate increased;In the case of unfair distribution(20/2/2,18/3/3),peers expressed happy emotions compared with peer's neutral emotion,significantly reduced the rejection rate of the participant.In terms of reaction time,anger significantly changed participants' decision reaction.In the case of unfair distribution(18/3/3),the anger compared neutral emotion significantly reduced the subjects' reaction time,while in relatively fair allocations(14/5/5,12/6/6,10/7/7),anger significantly increased the decision-making response time of the participants.There is no significant difference between happy emotion and neutral emotion.The results of experiment 1 verified the effect of peer's emotion on individual's group-based fairness decision-making,as well as the influence of anger versus happiness on the relative fairness scheme was greater,but experiment 1 didn't discussed the cognitive and neural mechanisms of the effect of anger on the group-based fairness decision-making.On the basis of experiment 1,experiment 2 used FNIRS technology with the multi-recipients ultimatum game to explore the neural machanism of emotion effects on the group-based fairness decision-making.In experiment 2,18/3/3 is the unfair distribution plan,12/6/6 is the relative fair distribution plan,and the anger expression of partners is compared with the expression of neutral emotion to explore the effect of peer's anger on individual's group-based fairness decision-making and the neural mechanisms behind it.The results showed that,consistent with experiment 1,anger significantly increased the rejection rate of the subjects which are more saliently on the relatively fair distribution plan.FNIRS results show that,there were different patterns of brain activity between the different emotion condition.Peer's anger activated the left dmPFC without prefront cortex or temporal and parietal cortex.Peer's neutral emotion activated the left DLPFC and the inferior parietal lobule(IPL)in the right TPJ with the middle occipital gyrus(MoG)and central posterior gyrus(PocG).Enhancement of dmPFC activity on anger condition shows individuals themselves may also have the enhancement of negative emotions experience under the peer's angry emotion,which induces emotional regulation,indicates that interpersonal anger affects the emotional response to the allocation scheme in the intuitive response system of fairness decision making but not cognitive control system.It is realized that interpersonal anger can directly change the emotional experience of others through emotional contagion,therefore,in this study,the change of individuals' emotional response to the fairness program brought by anger may be affected by emotional contagion.At the same time,TPJ and MoG are involved in the areas of psychological inference when there is no peer's emotional information under the neutral emotion condition.The enhancement of these areas' activity indicates that in the absence of emotional information,it is more difficult for individuals to infer the psychological state of their peers,which indicates that peer's anger emotion plays a role in information transmission in the group-based fairness decision-making task.Therefore,the inference process of acquiring information from peer's emotion may also be involved in the effect of emotion on the intuitive processing system of fairness decision-making in group-decided context.The above results indicate that the interpersonal emotional expression of other recipients will affect the individual's choices in the group-based fairness decision-making.This may because the anger of the partner enhances the negative emotional experience on intutive system of fairness-decision making. |
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