Influence Mechanism Of Perceived Intention Fairness On Decision-making Behavior In Ultimatum Game

The classic experimental paradigm of ultimatum game is usually used to study the individual's fairness motivation,self-interest motivation and the interaction of these motivations on decision-making.The research on individual fair behavior has accumulated a lot of theoretical basis and empirical research materials.The behavior of decision makers in game includes not only the fairness of the distributive result,but also the fairness of the intention behind the distribution.At present,there are few studies on intentional fairness,and the discussion of this topic is also crucial to reveal the psychological mechanism behind fair behavior.Therefore,this research adopts the Mini-UG,first verify previous research results,then add to the third party decision makers,explore respondents perceived fairness intention to influence decision-making behavior in the ultimatum game.Mean while join the emotional evaluation to investigate the effect of intention fairness on decision maker's emotion.This study is divided into two parts,namely the two-player task and the three-player task.Each task has two experiments.Each experiment is set with 8 experimental conditions,and the design is carried out within the single-factor subjects.Participants played the role of the responder.Experiment 1A is that player A is the proposer to choose one of the distributions.Then,participants first assess their own emotional level of seeing the distribution,and then make the choice of rejection or acceptance.Experiment 1B replaces player A with a computer random selection scheme,and the others are the same as experiment one.Experiment 2A proposed between the player A and player B allocate a limited amount of money.Player A is the proposer,player B is the receiver,and participants has no interest relationship with the two players.Require participants to assess their own emotions after see players A's selection,then make a choice of rejection or acceptance for the player B.In experiment 2B,the character of player A was replaced by a computer random selection scheme,and the other experimental procedures were the same as experiment 3.The dependent variables of the four experiments were the emotional rating scores and the rejection rate of the responders.The results and conclusions of this study are as follows:(1)In the two player tasks,when the proposer is player A,the rejection rate for the four different experimental settings is significantly different.Rejection rate for the fair alternative was significantly higher than for the hyperunfair and the no-alternative condition;The respondents' emotions for the fair-alternative condition were more negative than those for hyperfair,no-alternative and hyperunfair condition.When the computer randomly selected the allocation scheme,the rejection rate for different experimental conditions was not significant,and the emotional level for different experimental conditions was not significant either.(2)In the three-player task,when player A is the proposer,the rejection rates for the four different experimental settings were significantly different.Rejection rate for the fair alternative was significantly higher than for the hyperunfair and the no-alternative condition;The respondents' emotions for the fair-alternative condition were more negative than for the no-alternative and hyperunfair condition.When the computer randomly selects the allocation scheme,the rejection rate for four different experimental settings were significantly different.Rejection rate for fair alternative condition is significantly higher than those for hyperfair,no-alternative and hyperunfair conditions.There was a significant difference in the emotional level for the four experimental settings.Emotional level for the fair alternative condition was more negative than those for hyperfair and the hyperunfair condition.The purpose of this study is to further explore the influence of perceived intention fairness on decision making behavior and emotional processing in ultimatum game by adding computers as distributors to manipulate intention fairness and the third party decision maker to separate the interests of decision making.The following conclusions are drawn:In experiment 1,the respondent's decision behavior in the mini-ultimatum game considers not only the fairness of the outcome,but also the fairness of the in tention.However,the importance of perceived intention fairness in the decision making behavior of the responder does not override the outcome fairness.The second experiment further finds the importance of the tendency of unfair aversion in the result fairness to the decision-making behavior,and reveals the important position of the difference aversion model in the ultimatum game.The results of this study not only help to reveal the influence mechanism of perceived fair intention on decision-making,but also help to understand the psychological reasons behind the economic interests in real life,and have important practical significance for promoting the rational decision-making of decision makers.