Liszt's Theory Of Productivity

At the beginning of the 19 th century,after Europe returned to peace from turmoil,Britain and France,relying on their advanced industrial level and strong economic strength,began to dump manufactured products to their neighbors.Among them,Germany,which was internally divided,was the most severely affected.It was the gap between the theory of free trade prevailing in the world and the reality of Germany,and the backward situation of Germany's domestic agricultural industry under the competition between Britain and France that made Liszt systematically expound how to realize the development of productivity in the backward countries from the perspective of the country.This was the first time that the concept of productive forces was presented in a theoretical form.This paper mainly discusses Liszt's productivity theory,and on this basis to explore the connection and difference between it and Marx's productivity theory.The main contents include the following aspects: first of all,the historical background and ideological origin of Liszt's productivity theory are sorted out.Liszt's theory of productivity has its special historical background,which is based on the criticism of the value theory of classical economic school.Secondly,the main content and derivative theory of Liszt's productivity theory are expounded.According to the text,Liszt's productivity can be roughly divided into three dimensions: material productivity,spiritual productivity and institutional productivity.Based on the development of productivity,Liszt put forward many theories,such as the stage of economic development,trade protection and so on,and then established his whole economic theoretical system.Thirdly,it analyzes the time characteristics,historical significance and limitations of Liszt's productivity theory.Liszt's productivity theory was formed under the background of the prevailing cosmopolitan theory and free trade theory of classical economic school in various countries.It was formed in the process of criticizing the latter.Therefore,it has distinct characteristics of the times and important practical and theoretical significance,but also has some defects.Finally,it studies how Liszt's productivity theory affects Marx.Liszt's discussion on the issue of productivity has a direct impact on the formation of Marx's concept of productivity,and his thoughts enlighten Marx in many aspects.However,due to the different class interests they represent,their analysis of productivity is also quite different.