A Study On Modal Categories And Lexicalization Of "V Must Not"

The potential verb-complement construction is frequently used in Chinese to express the possibility and modality in various ways.This thesis aims to research on“V bu de”that belongs to the construction.Based on examples from CCL corpus of Peking University,BCC corpus of Beijing Language and Culture University and corpus of People's Daily,using the theory of cognitive linguistics and lexicalization,the thesis makes detailed analysis on modal semantic types and lexicalization of“V bu de”,and also on modal characteristics and lexicalization of“shao bu de/mian bu de”,“lai bu de/yao bu de/shi bu de”and“you bu de/bu you de/jin bu zhu”respectively as well as the similarity and difference among the three construction in order to provide reference for the research of the potential verb-complement construction.The first chapter is introduction.This chapter introduces research background,significance,previous results,existing problems,research approaches and source corpus of this paper.The second chapter is about the modal types of“V bu de”.It analyzes the modal characteristics and types of“V bu de”under the theoretical framework.The third chapter is about the lexicalization degree of“V bu de”.This chapter introduces the history and development of“V bu de”and three criteria for judging the degree of lexicalization are established.According the criteria,“V bu de”is divided into three types:highly lexicalized,moderately lexicalized and slightly or non-lexicalized.The fourth chapter is about the modal types and lexicalization of“Shao bu de”and“Mian bu de”.First of all,"Shao bu de"represents moral and cognitive modality,and"Mian bu de"represents dynamic modality and moral modality.Secondly,in terms of contextual features,the main grammatical function of"Shao bu de"and"Mian bu de"is adverbial,both of which can be used as predicate,but"Mian bu de"is often used as predicate independently without object,they can also be used as attribute rarely;"Shao bu de"and"Mian bu de"are mainly used in causal and turning contexts;"Shao bu de"is often used with"You?Dangran"to strengthen the positive attitude of the speaker,the words"Mian bu de"are often used with adverbs such as"Jiu,Ye,Ziran";the words"Shao bu de"and"Mian bu de"are more used in narrative sentences and less used in dialogues.Thirdly,it describes the lexicalization process of them.Both of them have evolved from the"Bu de V"format."Shao bu de"can be traced back to the Eastern Han Dynasty,and it has experienced three stages:separate combination structure-solidified phrase-adverb;the"Mian bu de"can be traced back to the Warring States period,and it has experienced two stages:phrase-word.The five chapter is about the modal types and lexicalization of“Lai bu de”,“Yao bu de”and“Shi bu de”.It analyzes the modal types and contextual features of the three constructions in a synchronic way.In terms of modal types,they all express deontic modality,but the semantic conditions and objects of exhortation for the negative attitude expressed by the three are different.In terms of contextual features.the three are mainly used as predicates,but"Shi bu de"cannot be used as adverbials.the three can all be used in casual sentences and used for coordination,paraphrase,transition and assumption.But“Shi bu de”can't be used in context of progression and condition.“Yao bu de”and“Shi bu de”are preceded by objects.The objects for“Yao bu de”are nouns of idea and for“Shi bu de”are sentences and pronouns.Objects that are placed after“Lai bu de”are derogatory adjectives.“Shao bu de”usually collocates with quantifiers that express the meaning of slight amount like“Ban dian(er)”without modal adverbs in contrast to“Yao bu de”and“Shi bu de”.The three are mainly used in declarative sentences.“Lai bu de”and“Yao bu de”are used for narrative and“Shi bu de”is used for dialogue.After the analysis on their modal characteristics,the author explains the lexicalization of each.“Shi bu de”is the first to be lexicalized,followed by“Lai bu de”and“Yao bu de”.“Shi bu de”is lexicalized through the two stages of separated verb-supplement combination and verb-supplement phase.the lexicalization process of"Lai bu de"has gone through:"Lai bu de₁"in Song Dynasty express the semantic features of[+speaker],[+displacement];in the Yuan Dynasty,the semantic features of"Lai can not 2"can be expressed as[-speaker],[+displacement];in the Qing Dynasty,the semantic features were expressed as[-speaker],[-displacement];the lexicalization process of"Yao bu de"experienced"complement function","predicate".The sixth chapter is about the modality category and lexicalization of"You bu de"and the comparison with"Bu you de"and"Jin bu zhu".In this chapter,a comparative analysis is made on their modal types and contextual characteristics in a synchronic way.In terms of modal types,all of them can express dynamic modality and in addition,“You bu de”and“Bu you de”can also express deontic modality.But the action they express when used as adverbials comes up under different conditions.In terms of contextual characteristics,“You bu de”and“Jin bu zhu”are often used as a predicate,“Bu you de”is often used as adverbials.The three are often used in casual sentences.The subject part of the three sentences can be a nominal component,while the sentence where"You bu de"can also be used as a verb component,which is often matched with the quantitative phrase"Ban dian".When"You bu de"and"Jin bu zhu"are used as predicates,the object components of the sentence are the noun components and the predicate components,"You bu de"is often matched with the adjective component and the quantitative phrase"Ban dian";and"You bu de"and"Bu you de"are often used in double negative sentences,which means that something is caused by one thing,and then causes the speaker or the actor to do something involuntarily,while"Bu you de"means that the actor or the speaker is the cause,and then causes the event to happen naturally;All three tend to use declarative sentences,mainly narrative.The three are often used in declarative sentences for narrative.Then,the author researches on the lexicalization of the three expressions.“Bu you de”and“Jin bu zhu”are the first of them to begin lexicalization from as early as Southern Song Dynasty.“You bu de”was first used as early as Yuan Dynasty as a predicate and since Qing Dynasty,it has been used more frequently and flexibly and its semantic meaning hasn't been changed even now.The seventh chapter summarizes the main idea,innovation and deficiencies of the thesis.