Influence Mechanism Of Reward Motivation On Cognitive Control In Cooperative And Competitive Situations

Cognitive control is one of the key issues in cognitive neuroscience research in recent years.Cognitive control refers to the ability of individuals to flexibly adjust and monitor their own state in the face of emergencies or unexpected situations in the process of realizing goals,so as to make their behaviors constantly toward the direction of realizing goals.Improving cognitive control ability can help individuals flexibly adjust their own behaviors and states,focus on the information related to the target task and update it in time,restrain the interference of irrelevant information or eliminate conflict obstacles,so as to develop toward the realization of the target task.Therefore,how to improve individual cognitive control ability has become a very important problem.Previous studies have found that many factors can improve individuals' cognitive control ability,among which reward is the most representative one.Reward improves the cognitive control by improving the control and processing of the individual's attention,making the individual focus on the target task,and thus improve the cognitive control ability.However,most of the current studies on the effect of reward on cognitive control are limited to individual tasks,and individuals tend to be in frequent interpersonal interactions in daily life.Therefore,how reward affects the mechanism of cognitive control in interpersonal interactions is still unclear.Since cooperation and competition are the two most common forms of interpersonal interaction,this study set up a cooperative and competitive situation to explore the mechanism by which reward affects cognitive control.In order to answer these questions,this study conducted two experiments to explore the effect of reward motivation on cognitive control in cooperative and competitive situations.In the first study,the Flanker paradigm using letters as stimulus materials was used to explore the effect of reward background on cognitive control by setting a cooperative and competitive situation,and the neural mechanism of the effect was analyzed by using ERP.The results showed that the main effect of reward background was significant.The formal experiment with competitive cooperation was shorter in response time and higher in accuracy than the baseline experiment with non-competitive cooperation.The main effect of reward cue was significant.The trial with reward cue had shorter response time and higher accuracy than the trial without reward.The interaction between reward cue and situation was significant.The response time in competitive situation was shorter than that in cooperative situation with reward cue.The main effect of task type is significant,the response time of inconsistent condition is longer than that of consistent condition,and the correct rate is lower.The interaction between reward cue and task type was significant,and the accuracy of trial with reward cue was higher than that of trial without reward cue under inconsistent conditions.The main effect of N200 on the reward cue was significant.The amplitude of N200 in the trial without reward cue was larger than that in the trial with reward cue.The main effect of task type was significant,and the N200 amplitude of inconsistent trial was larger than that of consistent trial.The interaction between task type and situation was significant,and the N200 amplitude of cooperation was smaller than that of competition under inconsistent trials.The main effect of ERN on reward cues was significant,and the amplitude of ERN with reward trial was larger than that with no reward trial.The ERN amplitude of response error was larger than that of response correct.The interaction between reward cues and response error was significant.For response error,ERN amplitude with reward trial was larger than that with no reward trial.The main effect of FRN on reward cues was significant,and the amplitude of FRN in unrewarded trial was larger than that in rewarded trial.The FRN amplitude of correct feedback trial is larger than that of wrong feedback trial.In the second study,the Flanker paradigm using arrows as stimulus materials was used to explore the effect of reward level on cognitive control,and the neural mechanism of the effect was also analyzed through ERP.The results showed that the main effect of task type was significant,and the response time was longer and the accuracy was lower for the inconsistent condition than for the consistent condition.The interaction between reward level and task type was significant.The higher the reward level was,the shorter the response time was.The interaction between reward level and task type and situation was significant.In cooperative situation and inconsistent test,the correct rate of reward level in medium level was higher than that in low level and high level.On N200,the main effect of task type was significant,and the amplitude of N200 of inconsistent trial was larger than that of consistent trial.On ERN,the main effect of correct response was significant,and the amplitude of ERN of wrong response was larger than that of correct response.The main effect of correct and false feedback on FRN was significant,and the amplitude of correct feedback trial FRN was larger than that of false feedback trial.Based on the above research results,the conclusions of this study are as follows:(1)Reward can improve individuals' cognitive control ability,and moderate level of reward can improve individuals' cognitive control performance more effectively.(2)In the competitive situation,reward can make individuals pursue the speed of cognitive control,while in the cooperative situation,reward can reduce individuals' cognitive conflict.(3)Rewards make individuals more sensitive to response errors and positive feedback.