Kong Shangren's Research On Rhyme In Poetry

Kong Shangren,a native of Qufu,Shandong,the 64 th generation grandson of Confucius,was a well-known opera writer and poet in the Qing Dynasty."Kong Shangren's Complete Works Compilation,Commentary and Comment"(edited by Xu Zhengui,Qilu Publishing House,2004 edition)contains 1,646 of his poems.These poems include 270 archaic poems,1370 modern poems,and 6 poems.Kong Shangren 270 ancient style poems.Through summarizing the rhyming characters,it was found that 27 poems had intermediate rhyme changes,and the number of rhyming changes in the same poem was as few as two or as many as twelve times.Therefore,this article counts the rhymes separately after the rhyme changes.,A total of 387 rhymes of Kong Shangren's archaic poems are obtained.Comparing with"Guang Yun"(??),these rhymes have 153 rhymes in total which are in full compliance with the rules of""Guang Yun"(??)for single use and same use,and 234 rhymes are mixed.It can be seen that the rhyme of Kong Shangren's archaic poems is very different from that of"Guang Yun"(??).Through a brief analysis of Kong Shangren's basic rhyming situation in ancient style poems,and a comparison with"Guang Yun"(??)used alone and in the same way,two basic characteristics of rhyming in ancient style poems are summarized:First,the rhyming phenomenon between the same shots is flexible.Diverse.The second is the frequent mixing of rhymes between different shots.In terms of the use of rhyming,there are more common and mixed use of rhyming parts,and the forms of rhyming are more diverse.The main reason for the above characteristics is that the rhyme of Kong Shangren's archaic poems is affected by the actual spoken language.Kong Shangren's 1,370 modern poems,through the analysis of the basic rhymes and comparison with"Ping Shui Yun"(???),found that a total of 1,351 poems are completely in line with"Ping Shui Yun"(???),accounting for 99%of the total number of modern poems.There are 19 rhymes that are mixed,only Accounted for 1%.It can be seen that the rhyme of Kong Shangren's modern poems basically strictly follows"Ping Shui Yun"(???).Through the analysis of 19 rhymes in modern poems that do not meet the rhyming of"Ping Shui Yun"(???),it is found that there are three reasons for the mixed rhyme of modern poems:the collation of the poems received is incorrect;the first sentence is improperly entered but enters the rhyme by mistake;mixed rhyme This is in line with the mixed situation of archaic poems.Therefore,this type of poetry is not strictly modern poetry,and should be included in the analysis of archaic poems.This article also analyzes Kong Shangren's actual spoken language reflected in the rhyme of Kong Shangren's archaic poems combined with phonetic history information.The three characteristics of Kong Shangren's actual spoken language are summarized:one is the merging of main vowels;the other is the merging of nasal rhyme endings;and the third is the disappearance of entering rhyme endings.Modern style poems rhyme strictly according to"Ping Shui Yun"(???),which cannot reflect the actual spoken language.