A Study Of Shang And Zhou Naked Sacrifices And Related Issues

The term"Guanji"(“??”)is commonly used in the ancient books of the pre-Qin Period,which mainly refers to an important ritual in the Shang and Zhou ceremonies.According to the literature,it may be used to irrigate the land and descend the gods.In recent years,with the continuous in-depth study of unearthed documents and archaeological excavations,the combination of unearthed documents,handed down documents,and archeological objects has become a new approach to exploring the Guanji(“??”)of Shang and Zhou dynasties.Through the combination of the three,it may be possible to see the true face of Guanji(“??”)of Shang and Zhou.Firstly,the form and meaning of the character"Guan"(“?”)in the unearthed documents are examined and distinguished,and the form of the character"Guan"(“?”)seen in the oracle bone inscriptions and bronze inscriptions is sorted out,and the research of the ancient characters"Guan"(“?”)by the former scholars is sorted out.Combining with new materials,we have re-understood the evolution of the character"Guan"(“?”).We believe that in the oracle bone inscriptions of the Yin Ruins,the word"(?)"made of Shi(“?”)and Gong(“?”)and Douxingjue(“???”)is indeed interpreted as"Guan"(“?”)in the oracle bone inscriptions of the Yin Ruins.The word"(?)""(?)"made of Nv(“?”)or Jie(“?”)and Dou Xingjue is also the word"?".In the bronze materials,it can be seen that the word"(?)"made of Kou(“?”)and Zan(“?”)should also be the word"?".It can be seen from the"(?)"in the Spring and Autumn Period.It is an example of the phonization of the character"Guan"(“?”)in the evolution of the font,or it gradually evolved into the"(?)"be made of Shi(“?”)and Guo(“?”)in"Shuowenjiezi"(??????).From the perspective of dictionaries,the relevant dictionaries found in the unearthed documents,such as"Guan chang"(“??”),"Guan zan"(“??”),and"Di guan"(“??”)can all be consistent with those contained in the literature.Then,the examples of"Guanji"(“??”)in the oracle bone inscriptions and the bronze inscriptions are sorted out,and the characteristics reflected in the unearthed documents are summarized.In the Jiajin(“??”)inscriptions,we know that the object of the Guanji(“??”)is mainly the ancestor gods.The Guanji(“??”)was mainly presided over by the King of Shang during the Shang Dynasty,and it has formed a fixed scale.In the Shang dynasty,the Guanji(“??”)can be held as a separate sacrifice or combined with other sacrifices to form a compound sacrifice.In the Western Zhou Dynasty,it basically became an auxiliary festival of other sacrifice ceremonies.Explore the Guanji(“??”)ceremonies of the late Shang Dynasty and the early and mid Western Zhou Dynasty contained in the oracle bone inscriptions and bronze inscriptions.Or not,as Mr.Wang Guowei said,there was a big change.From the perspective of Guanji(“??”),the Western Zhou Dynasty continued part of the Shang ritual habits.We also discussed the Guanji(“??”)in the handed down classics.There are two kinds of Guanji(“??”)in the handed down classics,namely,irrigating the earth and sacrificing the gods and irrigating the corpse.Through comparison and comparison,we believe that irrigating the ground to cast the gods may be the"Guan"(“?”)we are talking about,and the"Guan"(“?”)of corpse sacrifice may be an auxiliary ritual festival for other sacrifices.And compare the Guanji(“??”)in the handed down literature with the Guanji(“??”)in the unearthed literature.Discuss the ritual location and scale of the Shang and Zhou's Guanji(“??”).Finally,we further explored the artifacts related to the Guanji(“??”)in the archaeological materials,starting from the self-name problem of"Tong"(“?”),the internal history of named the artifacts called"Gu"(“?”)for thousands of years as"Tong"(“?”),and then We further explored the issue of the name of"Zan"(“?”)by naming the"Tong"(“?”)objects.We think that the former sage's so-called Douxingqi(“???”)or Yubingxingqi(“????”)objects as"Zan"(“?”)can be discussed again.According to new archaeological data,we believe that the Douxingqi(“???”)ware should be"Jue"(“?”),and the Yubingxingqi(“????”)may be the"Zhang"(“?”)of"Zhang Zan"(“??”),and the real"Zan"(“?”)may be the Yubingxingqi(“????”)plus the"Tong"(“?”)and related objects.The whole combination of utensils.After understanding the pictographic artifacts with the character"Zan"(“?”),through the"Zan"(“?”)device,we can roughly deduce the core sacrificial rituals of the Shang and Zhou dynasties.Then we combined with the newly discovered bronze materials to conduct a preliminary discussion on the artifacts of the Shang and Zhou dynasties.This is of great help to the grasp of the whole Guanji(“??”).The method of combining unearthed documents and handed down documents to explore the unearthed sacrifices of the Shang and Zhou dynasties not only further explored the form and meaning of the word"Guan"(“?”),but also in the collection,induction and research of various materials,making the Shang and Zhou dynasties The appearance of the rudimentary form of the sacrificial offering makes us have a more comprehensive understanding and understanding of the Shang and Zhou Guanji(“??”),and provides a certain reference and reference for the subsequent exploration of the Shang and Zhou Guanji(“??”).