Research On The Structure Of "predicate + Death" From The Perspective Of Teaching Chinese As A Foreign Language

The "predicate + si(?)" is an expression structure frequently used by native Chinese speakers in daily life.This structure can be divided into different types.So,the frequency and difficulty level of each type is different.It is one of the grammatical difficulties for foreign students in Chinese learning.Using the corpus of Beijing Language and Culture University,this article observes the usage of the "predicate + si" and finds that the predicates entering the structure mainly include action verbs,mental activity verbs,adjectives that expressing feelings and perception,and qualitative adjectives.The meaning of "si" in this structure can be summarized into three categories: "death";"degree reaches the extreme";"cannot pass,firm,and inactive"."Si" acts as a complement in the structure,which can be divided into two types: "degree complement" and "resultative complement ".There is also a corresponding relationship between the meaning type of "si" and the semantic orientation of "si" in a sentence: when "si" is used as a resultative complement,the semantic orientation is to the subject,object or the object of "Sentence Ba(?)".When it is used as a degree complement,the semantic meaning of "si" refers to the predicate it modifies.In the four general teaching syllabuses,the "predicate + si" is generally regarded as a grammatical point of medium difficulty,and should be taught in the late elementary or intermediate stage.For the two types of complement,the teaching order of the "predicate + si" structure is basically the same.Teaching the "predicate + si" representing "death due to predicate" first,and then the "predicate + si" structure representing the degree of polarity is arranged.The three textbooks "Developing Chinese","Chinese Course" and "New Practical Chinese Reader" all put "si" in the elementary stage and appear as the basic verb meaning,and then introduce the "predicate + si" in the late elementary stage or the intermediate stage.Their introduction time is reasonable and suits the learning level of learners.The "New Practical Chinese Reader" specially arranges the usage of "huai(?),si(?)" as expressing the extreme degree in the late middle stages,appearing as a separate grammatical point,and providing a reliable teaching example for the "predicate + si".“Chinese Course” and “Developing Chinese”have many cases and uses predicate of higher frequency.However,none of those three textbooks clearly mentioned the negative form of "predicate + si".In the perspective of Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language,whether it is to determine the difficult level of "predicate + si" or choose the right predicate,all should follow the rules that from easy to difficult,from practicable to virtual.We should take the two high-frequency semantic types of the "predicate + si",which are "lost life due to X" and "the degree of X reaches the extreme",as priority,and for the other low-frequency structures,"cannot pass,firm,and inactive due to X",only an introductive teaching or simple expansion of meaning should be given.Also,the negative form of the "predicate + si" should be given during the teaching.