Marx's Criticism And Reconstruction Of Modern Labor Ownership Theory

The theory of labor ownership is an important topic in the modern western political philosophy and political economy.Locke first explicitly put forward and discussed the issue of labor ownership in the history of political philosophy.Locke distinguishes man from personality and fully affirms individual labor,Establishing ownership in the sense of labor.Through the development of Locke,Smith and Hegel,labor ownership changed from natural right to legal power relations.The modern theory of labor ownership mainly includes three aspects:Firstly,to establish ownership by labor and think that the identity of labor and ownership is the law of eternity;Secondly,in the capitalist exchange market without slave owners and political hierarchy,everyone can freely and equally exchange with others,Free exchange of equal value runs through all historical processes,and the economic man hypothesis is the starting point of history;Thirdly,Promote the rationality of private property,link property with freedom,society will achieve common prosperity and universal freedom under free competition.The theory of modern labor ownership has positive significance,But under the capitalist mode of production,the theory of labor ownership has been subverted,the establishment of ownership by labor finally leads to the negation of ownership.The identity of labor and ownership has not been finally solved,so Marx's criticism of it mainly includes the following three aspects:Firstly,expose the false fact that labor and ownership are the identity,labor ownership is transformed into capital ownership;Secondly,point to the modern theory of labor ownership is super-historical,Economic man assumes a theoretical abstraction that ignores soical relations,the laborer who loses the means of production is the historical product;Thirdly,demonstrate that the modern theory of labor ownership is based on the bourgeois position,It is premised on private ownership based on the labor of others,Separation of labour and ownership,the real reality is proletarian poverty and domination by capital.This criticism is not a simple negation of all ownership,the purpose of criticism is to pursue the free nature of labor ownership.Therefore,Marx further proposed to rebuild the modern labor ownership theory,in order to realize the identity labor and ownership at a higher stage.This theory proposes to eliminate of private ownership based on the occupation of the labour of others.Marx stressed that only in this way can workers obtain the ownership of the means of production,rebuild the individual ownership based on free labor on the basis of the social ownership of the means of production,and finally establish the union of free people.