A Study On The Usage Of "Enough+X+ De" In Modern Chinese Degree Construction

"Gou X de" is a degree construction of high frequency use in modern Chinese.Chinese scholars have paid little attention to this kind of related phenomenon "Gou X".Although there is concern about another kind of related phenomenon "Gou X de le",there are still plenty of places to explore——not paying attention to the difference between the internal types,the analysis in which required by the specific discourse is not enough,not reveal fully the inner link between the "Gou X de","Gou X ","Gou X de le".On the basis of a comprehensive survey of corpus,this paper describes and analyzes these phenomena related to "Gou X de" by referring to construction grammar theory,three plane theory and stylistic grammar theory.This paper main body is divided into three parts:The first part is a description of the general usage of the construction "Gou X de".As for the scope of "X",this paper attempts to make a qualitative analysis of the stylistic features of "X" on the basis of the existing research and quantitative investigation,and summarizes fifteen high-frequency words that can enter the construction.Syntactically,"Gou X de" can be used as a sentence alone,predicate or complement.In terms of discourse,the clauses of "Gou X de" can be divided into three categories:the cause of relevant events,the description of relevant scenes and situations,and the relevant inferences.The clauses of "Gou X de" can form causal complex sentences and transitional complex sentences with the relevant inferences,but they are not necessary components.Stylistically,"Gou X de" can be used in informal spoken dialogue and written narrative style.The second part is a investigation and description of the "Gou X",which hide the "de" in the "Gou X de".Compared with the common usage,in syntactic,the "Gou X" is mainly used in non-subject-predicate sentences,but it can also be used in subject-predicate sentences.And the overall acceptability when it is complement is low.In terms of the limitation of "X",there are two conditions: "de" can usually be hidden when "Gou X" is used in a non-subject-predicate sentence and "X" is a monosyllabic derogatory word,a two-syllable derogatory word and a two-syllable commendatory word,or when "Gou X" is used in a subject-predicate sentence and "X" is a monosyllabic derogatory word,and "X" is a two-syllable commendatory word and a neutral word without a follow-up clause.When "Gou X" is used in non-subject-predicate sentences and "X" is a monosyllabic neutral word or a few monosyllabic commendatory words,such as "good" or "X" is a two-syllable commendatory word and a neutral word,and there is a follow-up clause,and "de" should not be hidden.In terms of stylistic distribution,"Gou X" is usually unprepared natural conversation,as mostly used to express short and strong emotional comments with the necessary condition that is a relatively close relationship between the speaker and the hearer.The third part is a analysis and description of adding modal word "le" after "Gou X de".We think "Gou X de le" is a nesting of the degree of structure type "Gou X de" and "Yi jing…le" construction.In syntactic terms,compared to the common usage of the degree construction "Gou X de","Gou X de le" can act as syntactic components which are predicate and complement rather than a separate sentence.In terms of textual requirements,we cluster the types of subsequent clauses of the clause of "Gou X de le" based on the pragmatic purposes and logical relations: "Gou X de le",which is used in the causal complex sentence,mostly expresses the command,expectation and inference;"Gou X de le" which is used for transitional sentence,can be followed by a clause that indicates making and inferring;the following clause of "Gou X de le" used in progressive complex sentences can only be inferred clause.This paper mainly investigates the basic and two special uses of the degree construction "Gou X de",and further explains the differences among "Gou X de","Gou X de le",and "Gou X".The conclusions of this paper can provide references for related language teaching and research.