| The relics of Phase ? of Yinxu are related to the alternation of Shang and Zhou Dynasties,which has always been the focus of academia.In 2004,the Anyang Archaeological Team,IA,CASS revealed Tomb M303 in the area southeast of Dasikong Village,Yinxu site,which is one of the few intact preserved high-hierarchy aristocrat tombs in Phase ? of Yinxu during the 90 years of excavation in Yinxu site.Tomb M303 is rich in grave items,with a total of 39 bronze ritual vessels of entire suite unearthed.The vessels are categorized by their use,including Gu(beaker),Jue(cup),Jia(vessel),Zhi(goblet),Zun(stoup),You(pot),Hu(flask),Lei,Dou(ladle)as wine containers,Ding(tetrapod & tripod),Gui(bowel),Yan(steamer)as food containers,and Pan(plate),He(bottle)as water containers.In addition,a set of bronze ritual musical instruments as well as groups of bronze weapons were unearthed from the very same tomb.The clear stratigraphic contents and the accompanying group of pottery,provide a reliable basis for the chronology of the tomb.All the bronze ritual vessels demonstrate the same style,and there are at least36 pieces(including musical instruments)with inscriptions.This suite of bronze vessels contains 6 Gu and 10 Jue,rendering Tomb M303 one of the high-grade tombs with 10 sets of Gu and Jue,which is so far the first time amidst the excavations of Phase ? of Yinxu.Meanwhile,the surrounding relics are abundant.As tomb M303 possesses the above mentioned conditions,it can provide significant materials for the study of the social history of the late Shang and the Shang and Zhou dynasties.This thesis focuses on the bronze ritual vessels of Dasikong Tomb M303 to pursue comprehensive study,and discusses from the following five parts:Chapter One is the introduction,which summarizes previous excavations in the area of Dasikong Village within Yinxu site over the years and the excavation of Dasikong Tomb M303.Then it introduces the research achievments both of the bronze ritual vessels in Yinxu and the bronzes of Tomb M303 by domestic and international scholars in recent years.Part two discusses the cultural factors of Tomb M303 from the aspects of shape,decoration,inscription and combination.Firstly,it typologizes the shape and decoration of Tomb M303 bronzes;secondly it discusses the inscriptions from the perspectives on both historical text and calligraphy;thirdly it works at the combination among different decoration,inscription glyphs,ornamentation by means of list analysis.At last it summarizes the relationship between Tomb M303 bronzes,discusses the characteristics,in order to find the institutionalized hierarchy of burial bronzes of late Shang and early Zhou Dynasty by studying of the bronzes unearthed within and without the Yinxu site at the time of Phases ? and ? of Yinxu.The third part emphasizes the standardization of bronze casting at the time of Yinxu.This research is based on the specific measurement data of the bronzes in Tomb M303 as well as other high-level aristocratic tombs in different periods of Yinxu.The author has made effect to introduce the statistical method into the study of bronzes' measured data for mathematical analysis.Through the quantitative data,the paper discusses the development of the standardization and precision of the bronze casting in the period of Yinxu.In addition,it summarizes the casting characteristics of Tomb M303 bronzes by focusing on the size and weight.The fourth part is mainly about comparative study.It first compares the Tomb M303 bronzes and the bronzes from typical tombs of Phase ? of Yinxu,stressing the differences between tombs of different sizes in the same period.Then it compares bronzes from tombs with the same rank in each period of Yinxu,and concludes the development of the bronzes in the high-level tombs of the late Shang Dynasty.Considering that Tomb M303 bronzes share some characteristics with those bronzes of early Western-Zhou Dynasty,this paper compares the two to investigate the similarities and differences between them. |
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