Marcuse's "false Demand" Theoretical Research

Humans have never stopped inquiring about needs from the past to the present.The exploration of needs runs through the whole process of human social development.The degree of development and the way of satisfying needs have become important indicators for evaluating the level of human and social development.In the early stage of the Industrial Revolution,people's production methods were mainly manual labor,and their demand for material was the most basic food and clothing to maintain life.Since the invention of the first Jenny spinning machine by the British weaver James Hargreaves(1721-1778)in the 1760 s,people have completely bid farewell to the production method relying solely on manual labor and entered the period when machines replaced manual labor.At this time,people's needs for living materials gradually diversified.With the further advancement of the scientific and technological revolution,modern science has pushed technology to an unprecedented level of development,the improvement of labor productivity has promoted the great progress of material civilization,and people's material needs have been met at a higher level.However,the abundance of material alone cannot achieve the all-round development of human beings,and the lack of spiritual needs makes people more miserable.Thus,in The One-Dimensional Man,Herbert Marcuse(1898-1979)theoretically explained the decline of the revolutionary potential of capitalist society and the development of new forms of social control.Enumerate the tendency of individuals to obey in social development from various aspects.While the real demands of human beings are deliberately suppressed by the ruling class,they are also interfered by science and technology.The rulers have created a kind of "false" consumption needs to control People's consciousness,dominates people's lives,and integrates people with the existing order,resulting in "one-dimensional people","one-dimensional society" and "one-dimensional culture".This article mainly discusses the "false needs" of people that are born under the conditions of the developed industrial society However,in Herbert Marcusedo's works,the theory of "false needs" is mostly translated as "false needs" because of the translated version.Therefore,"false needs" are replaced by "false needs" in the text.focusing on the historical background,theoretical origins,and value of the times for the theory of "false demand",and sending a signal to the challenges that China's social development will face in the new era,in order to play a wake-up role.The thesis is divided into three chapters.The first chapter traces the origin of the "false demand" theory.First,the theory of "false demand" was born under the dual influence of the real development of the Industrial Revolution and the social critical theory of the Frankfurt School.Secondly,from the alienation theory of Karl Marx(1818-1883),the existentialist thought of Martin Heidegger(1889-1976),Sigmund Heidegger(Sigmund Heidegger,1856-1939)and the commodity fetishism of Georg Lukács(1885-1971)to trace the influence of Marcuse's theory of "false demand".The second chapter mainly introduces the essence,origin,harm and solutions of Marcuse's "false demand" theory.Firstly,the basic connotation of "false demand" is introduced,and the "false demand" and "real demand" of people in the developed industrial society are essentially distinguished,and the realistic factors that promote the "false demand" are obtained.Then explore the root cause of people's "false demand" lies in the development of science and technology.Finally,by examining the negative side of "false demand",actively pursue the return strategy of "true demand".The third chapter is based on the development of "false demand" theory in today's world and reflects on it.Its limitation is that Marcuse pinned his hopes on cracking people's "false needs" and one-dimensional society on the revolutionary subject of the "New Left" and the third road,the so-called utopian revolutionary road,which must be impossible.But it is undeniable that the "false demand" theory has contributed practical reference and thinking for how to avoid the phenomenon caused by this theory in the new era of China.