| Sima Guang Zou Yi is a compilations of documents written by Sima Guang,a famous politician and historian in the Northern Song Dynasty when he was an official.The book is rich in narration,extensive in content and rich in language materials.The vocabularies in Sima Guang Zou Yi fully cover all aspects of the Song Dynasty society,including all the words and expressions related to politics,economy,military affairs,culture and utensils of daily life.There are a large number of words inherited from ancient times in Sima Guang Zou Yi,most of which are relatively elegant words,often accompanied by the change of morphological forms.At the same time,a large number of new words and some new meaning words are also created.There are mainly 4 ways of word formation of new words.Firstly,new words are generated by isomorphism.Secondly,new words are formed by combining spoken morphemes with written morphemes.Thirdly,new words are formed by replacing one of the word-forming morphemes in the old words with new morphemes.Fourthly,new words are derived through allusion.There are about 176 idioms used in Sima Guang Zou Yi.Among them,there were175 four-character idiom and only 1 eight-character idiom.The internal structure types of idioms are relatively mature.In addition to union idioms,non-union idioms include subordinate relation,subject-predicate relation,predicate-object relation,predicate-object relation,predicate-object relation and predicate-complement relation.Among them,idioms with subjective-object relation are lacking.There are 111 associative idioms,far more than non-associative idioms.The number of coordinate idioms in the associative idioms accounts for about half of the associative idioms.The sources of idioms used in Sima Guang Zou Yi mainly fall into four categories: the Confucian classics,the historical books of previous dynasties,the essays of various scholars(except the Analects of Confucius and Mencius),and the notes and essays of some literati.Among them,the number of historical books from the previous dynasties is the largest,with a total of 75 cases,and 55 cases from the Confucian classics.As a kind of applied writing,the play requires both language standardization and language flexibility.A large number of synonyms are used in Sima Guang Zou Yi,and a large number of homologous words also appear.The main components of synonym clustering are monosyllabic words and disyllabic words,which can be divided into three categories:monosyllabic words are synonymous with monosyllabic words,disyllabic words are synonymous with disyllabic words,and monosyllabic words are synonymous with disyllabic words.There is a special case in which there are three elements of synonym clustering,namely word A,word B,and word AB,which is composed of word A and word B as word-forming morphemes.The meaning of word AB is the same as word A and word B,and most words A and word B only exist as word-forming morphemes in modern Chinese,while word AB is used as word.In Sima Guang Zou Yi,some of the forms with high frequency of homomorphisms continue to be used by later generations,but most of the forms with high frequency are not used by later generations.Among them,the allotropic words with only one form are not often used by the later generations,or even eliminated directly.On the contrary,the forms that do not appear are used in the later generations.The corpus is rich in Sima Guang Zou Yi,where a large number of entries can be used to supplement the unprepared or advance the documentary evidence of Chinese Dictionary. |
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