Sima Guang And The Rise Of Neo-Confucianism

In this paper,Sima Guang was chosen as the research center to explore the relationship between the rise of Neo-Confucianism and Confucians.Sima Guang as is the core of ideological and political point in late Northern Song dynasty,with him to discuss the center,is more advantageous to understand the late Northern Song dynasty from the angle of ideological and political ideas of political reform and its change.Since renzong qingli periods,Confucianism revival the spring tide of more and more fierce,Sima Guang was still younger with help of Pang Ji,fan zhongyan,etc,reading the Confucian classics,in order to be great man.The historical development and evolvement of renzong's reign were the time conditions for the rise of Neo-Confucianism.During the reign of the emperor,a large number of elder ministers,led by Sima Guang,withdrew to luoyang because of their opposition to the reform.Therefore,luoyang became the cultural center of the time in a long period of time,and Neo-Confucianism emerged in this space.The thought of "Neo-Confucianism" derived from the Confucian tide of time and space has a remarkable manifestation in Sima Guang.The scholars represented by Sima Guang,reestablished the foundation of Confucianism and political order by understanding the book of changes."above thing" and "below thing" reveal the first level of the "tao" : "hidden" and "explicit",the existence of all things in the world is not "hidden" or "explicit".The "knowledge" and "action" reveal the second level of the "tao" : human subjectivity.The "ti yong" reveals the third level of the doctrine of the "tao" : the doctrine of Neo-Confucianism,in the process of fighting Buddhism,has gradually adopted the thinking mode of "ti yong" to clarify the teaching of Confucian saints.Sima Guang,on the basis of understanding the book of changes,discusses the way of communication between heaven and humanity by playing an internuncial role.Firstly,the foundation of the upper and lower reaches is to establish the "medium" vision.Secondly,it is realized in the process of fate-human nature-taoism-teaching.Finally,this paper discusses the "zhi","ren" and "yong",and "cheng".Only "cheng" can make the way of heaven and humanity come to pass.The specific connotation of Sima Guang's thought is expounded through the book "Qianxu","Wengong yishuo","Wengong jiafan" and so on.The manifestation of the celestial road is the process of heaven and man,and Sima Guang's "Qianxu" reveals the process of this manifestation: it begins with qi and finally fate.The discussion on humanity is carried out from three levels: the tao of subordinates,the tao of king and the tao of family.Represented by Sima Guang's thoughts of Neo-Confucianism,rise in the Northern Song dynasty,it really is a big event in the history of Chinese culture,the essence of which is beyond the han and tang dynasties,confucians trace the action of the pre-qin culture.the core thinking structure of Sima Guang bases on the book of changes,strong participation in politics can reveal the two characteristics of Neo-Confucianism : first of all,confucians' thoughts is the foundation of the book of changes,shao yong is most proficient,Sima Guang,and cheng brothers are also familiar with it.Secondly,the ultimate concern of Neo-Confucianism in the northern song dynasty lies in the reconstruction of the political and religious order.