A Study On The Documents Of Tusi Rongmei In The Qing Dynasty Who Changed The Land And Returned To The Family

The bureaucratization of native officers was a political measure implemented in the minority areas of Southwest China during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.The Southwest China is a place where ethnic minorities live in concentrated communities.At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty,the Tusi system of the Yuan Dynasty was followed.In these areas,upper-class members of ethnic minorities were appointed as chiefs at all levels,called "Tusi",and the official positions were hereditary.However,there were constant wars among the chieftains to compete for territory.After the Ming Dynasty government settled the war,it replaced the chieftains in these areas and sent "local officials" who could be transferred at any time to rule.This method is called " the bureaucratization of native officers ".Emperor Yongzheng of the Qing Dynasty adopted Eertai's suggestion to abolish the hereditary lineage of the chieftains and to send officials to govern,and started a large-scale reform.The documents of the bureaucratization of native officers of Rongmei chieftain refer to the documents that appeared in the process of the Qing government's conversion of Rongmei chieftain from the first year of Emperor Yongzheng to the first year of Emperor Qianlong.The Rongmei chieftain's reform documents cover five categories:memorial documents,edict documents,official documents,encyclical documents and chieftain's official documents.The main types of documents involve memorials,upper edicts,red comments and notices.The Qing government went through a preliminary trial period,a precautionary period,a comprehensive conversion period,and a post-requisition period for the Rongmei chieftain's conversion,and finally realized the Rongmei chieftain's conversion.The documents of the bureaucratization of native officers reflect the rulers and local officials' strategies for the reform and the chieftain's response psychology during the process of the reform:during the initial trial period for the reform of the Rongmei chieftain,the local officials heavily impeached the Rongmei chieftain,the rulers wanted to indulge him,and the Rongmei chieftain took the initiative to show his favor to the central government;during the precautionary period for the reform of the Rongmei chieftain,local officials repeatedly impeached the Rongmei Chieftain,the ruler made private visits to the Rongmei chieftain,and the Rongmei chieftain took the initiative to admit his mistakes to the central government.During the period of comprehensive reform,the local officials urged the Rongmei chieftain to enter Beijing,and the rulers carefully arranged the bureaucratization of native officers of Rongmei chieftain,and Rongmei chieftain carried out the final contradiction and strive.During the aftermath of the reform of the local government,the central government focused on solving the follow-up problems of the Rongmei chieftain case,and the new local officials were appointed to reform the local administrative system and reform the local people's society.Different content and stylistic characteristics of the documents of the Rongmei chieftain's reformation in the various periods of the reformation also interpreted the Qing government's reformation policy from different levels,and presented the antireform movement of Rongmei chieftain.The documents of the bureaucratization of native officers reflect the hardship of the process of the reform and the effective policy of the central government,demonstrate the Qing government's wisdom in governing ethnic minority areas.They also further confirm that the reform of the Rongmei chieftain in the Qing Dynasty was a successful attempt by the Qing government to implement the policy of reforming the local government in the Huguang area.The reformation of the Rongmei chieftain was conducive to strengthening the centralization of power and promoting the development of ethnic minority communities.It also promoted the construction of a unified multi-ethnic country in the Qing Dynasty.