A Synchronic Diachronic Study Of "hao X" Adverbs And Their Cognate Components In Modern Chinese

This study makes a more comprehensive description and analysis of the Adverb"Hao X"from the three aspects of semantics,syntax and pragmatics,diachronic and synchronic dimensions.Combined with the grammatical knowledge of reanalysis,subjectivization and pragmatic reasoning,this study makes a specific analysis of the cases of adverbs with"Hao"as the prefix in modern Chinese,so as to enrich theapplication of the adverb of"Hao X"structure in syntax Research on the law of pragmatic and semantic evolution.This paper is mainly divided into eight parts:The first part is the introduction,which mainly introduces the research objectives and significance of this paper,and the related research status at home and abroad.It also expounds the research methods,innovation and theoretical data sources of this paper.The first chapter discusses the lexicalization law of the"Hao+A."structure of"Hao"indicating"degree".Taking"Hao Xuan"as an example,it compares and analyzes the usage of the word"Hao Xuan"in different media communication environments,and summarizes that in modern Chinese,the distribution,collocation and pragmatic function of the word"Hao Xuan"have tended to be adverbial,Before that,the most importantusage of"haoxuan"was to form a small sentence alone,and then act as a predicate,complement or appear in the middle verb sentence.In the synchronic distribution,the proportion of"haoxuan"as an adverb component is more and more.The"hao xuan"of the two clauses is condensed into a single sentence due to the fusion of the clauses.In this process,the exclamation tone of"hao xuan"is restrained,and the negation falls off and the structure is solidified,finally showing adverbialization.The second chapter discusses the adverbialization law of the"hao+V."structure of"hao"indicating"degree".Taking"hao si"as an example,it is found that in modernChinese,the distribution,collocation and pragmatic function of the word"hao si"have tended to be adverbialized.Before that,the main usage of"hao si"was the middlephrase expressing the meaning of"hao si",which gradually became a verb.As theapplication of"hao si"becomes more and more extensive,its syntactic position changes from predicate to adverbial and adverb.This paper focuses on a more detaileddescription of the adverbialization and subjectivization of"hao si"from a diachronic perspective.The third chapter discusses the adverbialization law of"hao+hao"structure of"hao"indicating"Persuasion".Take"hao"as an example.First,after overlapping and long-term use agreement,the property adjective"hao"is commonly known as the state adjective"hao",which means"intact and safe",because this part has been discussed in detail by many scholars,and this paper will not repeat it too much.Secondly,when the adjective"Hao"modifies the verb component,due to the influence of pragmaticreasoning factors,it develops from the positive evaluation function to the persuasionfunction,"intact and beneficial"semantics into"try hard and serious",the adjective part of speech evolves into an adverb,and later develops into an overlapping form of"Hao".After a long period of repeated use,Gradually fixed as the modal adverb"hao".The fourth chapter discusses the adverbialization law of"Hao+A."structure of"Hao"indicating"rhetorical question".Taking"Haorongyi"as an example,it is found that in modern Chinese,"Haorongyi"begins to be used as a clause or predicate,which has predicative nature and is understood as an irony;Later,it was modified in theposition of adverbial,semantically inherited the meaning of irony and presentednegative meaning.In nature,it was lexicalized and changed from clause to adverb.In the syntactic position,the adverbial position of"Haorongyi"gradually solidifies into an adverbial component;In terms of use,the negative meaning of"Haorongyi"wasfrequently used after the late Qing Dynasty,which laid a solid foundation for its lexicalization;In terms of semantics,the usage of"Hao"has greatly affected thesemantic evolution of"Haorongyi";From the cognitive point of view,the context in which the negative meaning"Haorongyi"appears causes the structural re analysis,which makes the relationship between"Hao"and"Rongyi"closer and gradually agreed to be commonly known as a whole,which is also an important reason for thelexicalization of"Haorongyi"into negative adverbs.The fifth chapter discusses the adverbialization law of the"hao+V."structure that"hao"means"to facilitate".Taking"analogy"as an example,through the investigation of the corpus,it is concluded that there are two parts of speech"analogy"in modernChinese-"verbal"analogy ₁"and adverb"analogy ₂"."Likeness ₁"is a verb thatexpresses"figurative meaning",which highlights the similarity between the two objects before and after;"Bixiang ₂"is an adverb for"explanatory meaning"."Hao"wasoriginally an auxiliary verb,but later it became a related adverb,which promoted the prominence of the connectivity function of"Bixiang ₂".It is no longer an objective description of the relationship between the two objects,but increased the function ofconnecting the two components before and after,expressed the subjective understanding of the speaker who is separated from the components in the sentence,and brought into the observation and judgment of the two objects by the"speaker subject".It can be seen that the speaker’s ideas greatly affect the transmission of language information.With the evolution from"hao bi ₁"to"hao bi ₂",the speaker’s subjective will is more and moreobvious in words,and the degree of subjectivity is deeper and deeper.The sixth chapter discusses the research on the adverbialization of the antisense compound"Hao X".Taking"Hao Hao"as an example,it is concluded that in modern Chinese,"Hao Hao Hao"has a variety of parts of speech and semantics.One is a noun,which means"haodai"and"dangerous"respectively;One is an adverb,which means"do it without asking whether the conditions are haodai"and"anyway;anyway".From the diachronic perspective,"hao"and"evil"first connect to form adjective phrases,and then gradually solidify the vocabulary into nouns through the metonymy of meaning.Then"haodai"is combined with the unconditional conjunction"regardless",and theclause is fused into an adverbial component.After omitting the unconditional conjunction,"haodai"is further virtualized into an adverb.The seventh chapter is the conclusion,which summarizes the above six cases and summarizes the influence of different semantics of"hao"on the lexicalization of"hao X"structure.