A Study On The Impact Of Trade Liberalization On The Employment Of Urban Women In My Country

In 1978 We reform and keep open,and especially in 2001 China joined WTO,with the increasing degree of trade liberalization in China,the total import and export trade has increased from US$509.65 billion in 2001 to US$462.304 billion in 2018,an increase of about 9.1 times.At the same time,China is also the world's top three trade exporters and trade importers,trade liberalization to China's economic growth has brought a great driving force.However,a series of problems have emerged,such as women's difficulty in employment,low wages and unequal access to education.The employment rate of women in urban areas in China fell from 59.6% in 2001 to46.3% in 2018,a decrease of 22.3%.In order to explore the increasing degree of trade liberalization,urban female employment rate does not rise and fall this phenomenon,this paper on the 1999-2018 31 provinces of China's panel data for theoretical analysis and empirical analysis,and put forward reasonable recommendations.The full text can be divided into the following chapters:The first and second chapters constitute the theoretical basis of this paper,expound the purpose and significance of the study,and introduce the research and discussion of the influence of trade liberalization on women's employment.Previous research from different angles and different data found that trade liberalization promoted female employment,trade liberalization inhibited female employment,trade liberalization has no impact on women's employment three different conclusions.Then,the details of the development of China's foreign trade in recent decades and the current employment status of women in China.Chapter Three and Chapter Four,which extend from theoretical analysis to empirical analysis,are the focus of this paper.According to the conclusion of the previous research,the theory analyzes the mechanism of the influence of trade liberalization on the employment of women in China's cities and towns from the three aspects of factor endowment theory,neoclassical theory and traditional values.Then,using the panel data of 31 provinces in China from 1999 to 2018 to construct mathematical model for empirical analysis,the data quantitative analysis from the two dimensions of time and space was carried out by the random effect model.The results show that,from the relationship between trade liberalization and the employment rate of urban women alone,trade liberalization promotes female employment,but the ratio of capital output,the rate of female marriage and the real wages of urban units all have negative effects on female employment,which combines the positive effects of trade liberalization and inhibits female employment.Therefore,overall,the female employment rate shows a steady downward trend,from the time dimension,the impact of trade liberalization on urban women's employment gradually increases over time,from the spatial dimension,trade liberalization on the eastern,central and western urban women's employment is shown to be positive effect,and the degree of impact is reduced in turn.Finally,the robustness of the model is analyzed by tool variables,and the reliability of the conclusions is verified.Combining the theory and empirical analysis of the preceding article,this paper gives some suggestions in chapter five.First of all,we should speed up the transformation and upgrading of the trade structure,optimize the business environment to promote the continuous and steady rise of trade volume,to provide more employment opportunities for women.Secondly,in order to solve the practical and objective problems encountered in the process of female employment,we can develop public child care and old-age institutions,provide employment skills training for women,and encourage enterprises to recruit women through preferential tax policies.Finally,we should be able to promote the processing and manufacture of resource-intensive and labour-intensive products in the west,while utilizing the vast land and abundant minerals and natural resources of the West,developing tourism and providing more employment platforms for women in the West.