| Official Development Assistance(ODA)has been attached extensive attention and value by the international community since it emerged after the World War ?ODA countries' assistance to developing countries has become an important part in promoting global peace and development.That is helpful to the improvement of the economic growth and people's well-being and to the poverty alleviation in developing countries as well as to the acceleration of bilateral relations between donor countries and recipient countries.For the fight against the socialist camp and the pursuit of their own benefits,those traditional ODA countries such as the United States and Japan continued to strengthen development aid to Southeast Asia making it the most important recipient regions in the world from the 1950s to the end of the Cold War,After the Cold War,ODA in Southeast Asia faced difficulties but showing a trend of changes.After the disintegration of the Soviet Union,tremendous changes took place in the international political situation.ODA,as a tool for confrontation between the two major camps of the United States and the Soviet Union,was gradually neglected by capitalist countries,and most ODA countries began to reduce the scale of foreign aid.In addition,these capitalist countries suffered from great damage in their economic growth because of two economic crises.That led to difficulties in fund-raising for traditional development aid,and a decline in the ODA to Southeast Asia year by year during this period.Affected by the "good governance theory",additional political conditions for traditional ODA countries foreign aid were domestic political and economic policies reforms.This actually distorted the normal incentive mechanism and increased the recipient country's burden.Finally,with an endless flow of international ODA into Southeast Asia,there was more competition here in the development assistance mechanism among all donor countries.,resulting in ODA fragmentation.,Then it took recipient countries more time and energy to make a balance on ODA from different parties,which actually reduced the benefit of aid.However,the rising countries like China differed sharply from the traditional donor countries in their models of development assistance,demonstrating new signs of the dawn to ODA reforms in Southeast Asia.First,they were different in their target recipients.Originally,those traditional ODA countries took the lead in development aid,but currently there was representing a trend between the public-private partnership and the North-South cooperation.Next,they were different in their aid concept.China advocated a more equal and mutually beneficial foreign aid model without any additional political conditions,committed to being a assistance provider on the basis of peaceful coexistence and mutual consultation.Then they were different in their field of assistance.The conventional ODA countries only focused on those well-benefited programs,but now the rising powers offer their aid to recipients'economic growth,social development as well as their people's livelihood and other aspects.In this way,foreign aid would really play its role.After the Cold War,Southeast Asia experienced the dilemma of insufficient funds and diminishing marginal effect of aid benefits in its development assistance.However,with the emergence of new aid providers such as China,it has also shown a trend of gradual change.Southeast Asia is one of the important recipients for the international community.That urges traditional ODA countries to stabilize their aid investment and improve their approaches and philosophy for development aid to Southeast Asia.,New donor countries headed by China are also required to increase their foreign aid and provide more effective regional public goods to Southeast Asia.At the same time,Southeast Asia should strengthen consultations with donor countries,formulate aid projects suited for themselves,and establish foreign aid management institutions,enabling foreign aid to play a more effective role. |
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