Research On The Effect Of Rural Social Endowment Insurance On The Elderly's Participation In Intergenerational Care

Since the 21 st century,the aging of our country's population has been deepening.By 2019,my country's population aging rate is up to 11%,ranking tenth in the world,and the number of people over 65 has exceeded 170 million.In the context of the rapid advancement of China's industrialization and urbanization,many rural youths choose to go out to work and start businesses in order to earn higher incomes and improve their family economic conditions.Due to low income and high labor intensity,more and more rural young people need to entrust their grandparents to help take care of their young grandchildren.This phenomenon of "inter-generational care" is not only popular in families with left-behind children,but it also exists widely in general rural families in China.Elderly participation in inter-generational care has both advantages and disadvantages.Although it has positive meanings such as enhancing the emotional connection between grandparents and grandchildren,it also has the possibility of causing the elderly to be too tired and triggering negative emotions and other "adverse reactions".As an important social welfare system for the elderly,the new rural endowment insurance is closely related to the daily life of the rural elderly in their later years,and it is one of the important factors that affect the decision-making of rural families.Many scholars have conducted research on the impact of the new rural endowment insurance on poverty reduction,consumption,health,and elderly care of the elderly population,but few articles have focused on the impact of the new rural endowment insurance on the elderly's participation in intergenerational care.However,the new rural endowment insurance may have changed the elderly's participation in inter-generational care.Studying the impact of the new agricultural endowment insurance on the view of intergenerational care for the elderly will not only help to complement the comprehensive understanding of the welfare effects of the new agricultural endowment insurance,improve the life quality of the elderly in rural areas,but also further improve the new agricultural endowment insurance policy and rural revitalization for our country.It can also provide references and suggestions for insurance development.Based on the background above,this article uses the 2018 CHARLS follow-up data and uses the fuzzy RDD method to study the changes in the intergenerational care behavior of the rural elderly before and after receiving the new rural endowment insurance pension.The regression results show that receiving the new rural endowment insurance pension will reduce the probability and duration of the elderly taking care of their grandchildren.This impact is mainly achieved by changing “the children's financial support for the elderly” and “the living arrangements for the elderly”.After receiving the new rural endowment insurance pension,the children will reduce the probability and amount of financial support to the elderly,which means that the elderly will be less motivated to take care of the grandchildren;after receiving the pension,the elderly will reduce the possibility of living with their children,which means that the elderly have a higher probability of not taking care of their grandchildren and freely arranging retirement life.In addition,after receiving the new rural endowment insurance pension,the self-assessed health of the elderly has improved but not significantly.Therefore,improving health is not the path to promote the enthusiasm of the elderly to participate in inter-generational care.Financial support for the children and the living arrangements for the elderly play a major role as mentioned above.Heterogeneity research includes two parts: gender heterogeneity and regional heterogeneity.In terms of gender heterogeneity,the new rural endowment insurance has a greater "crowding out" effect on women's participation in intergenerational care than men;the new rural endowment insurance pension reduces the possibility of intergenerational care by reducing children's financial support and reducing the probability of the elderly living with their children.The conclusion holds for both men and women.In terms of regional heterogeneity,the new rural endowment insurance pension has a significant negative impact on the degree of intergenerational care in the eastern and central regions,while the negative impact on the western region is not significant.This is related to the level of regional economic development,along with the supply and demand of public childcare services.From the point of view of the impact mechanism,receiving the new rural endowment insurance pension has significantly reduced the economic support for children in the eastern and central regions,and increased the separation ratio of the elderly and their children.However,for the western region,these two changes are not significant,which are consistent with the overall regression results that the new rural endowment insurance pension has "squeezed out" the probability and duration of intergenerational care for the elderly through the two channels above.Therefore,this article proposes the following suggestions.First,further strengthen the support for the new rural endowment insurance pension,increase public investment in pensions,and improve the basic pension payment standard.Second,improve the incentive mechanism for the new rural endowment insurance payment and do a good job in propaganda work for people of all age.Third,the merger of the new rural endowment insurance and urban housing insurance is the first step,and the level of urban and rural endowment security is the long-term goal.Fourth,establish and improve the public care service system that meets China's national conditions,and more resources should be given to central and west regions.Fifth,rural revitalization must retain young talents,thus effectively reduce the number of left-behind children,reduce the burden of inter-generational care for the elderly.Sixth,rural children should continue to provide financial support for elderly parents within a reasonable range.A reasonable division of labor within the family leads to the full and equal enthusiasm of all family members to take care of grandchildren.Rural male elderly should assume more intergenerational care responsibilities.