Research On The Hundred Year Evolution Of Chemical Experiment Literacy In Middle Schools In China(1919-2019)

It is the focus of science education reform in the new era to develop students' experimental literacy and scientific literacy through experimental teaching.It is of great practical significance to deepen the reform of chemical experiment teaching in the new era by investigating the evolution of chemical experiment literacy in the syllabus,curriculum standards and middle school chemistry textbooks published in different periods(mainly published by people's Education Press)in the past century(1919-2019).Based on the chemical experiment teaching theory,chemical experiment methodology and chemical experiment teaching theory,this study firstly analyzes the theoretical connotation characteristics of middle school chemical experiment literacy,and constructs the connotation structure of middle school chemical experiment literacy according to the analysis results,and constructs the Centennial carding framework of middle school chemical experiment literacy according to the connotation structure.Secondly,by using the methods of literature analysis and content analysis,with the help of the trend of education reform and science curriculum reform based on different times in the past 100 years,this paper combs and analyzes the Centennial evolution process of the literacy system of middle school chemical experiment related documents,views,achievements and characteristics,and explores the educational policy and teaching reform factors behind the literacy evolution Thirdly,from the perspective of subject noumenon,teaching and textbook,with the help of chemical experiment teaching and textbook experimental content compilation,the evolution characteristics of chemical experiment literacy in middle school are analyzed from three aspects: connotation structure,content system design and textbook presentation.Finally,the paper reflects on the development process and evolution characteristics of middle school chemistry experiment literacy in the past 100 years,puts forward the enlightenment for the current textbook compilation and experiment teaching,and analyzes the Enlightenment of middle school chemistry experiment literacy in the past 100 years from the theoretical basis,implementation means and influencing factors of experiment literacy evolution.In theory,the research puts forward that middle school chemistry experiment literacy is the essential character and key ability of students in analyzing and solving chemistry experiment problems and completing experiment activities.Its connotation structure can be divided into three aspects: experimental knowledge and skills,experimental thinking and methods,experimental affection and conduct.The following conclusions are drawn from the investigation of the Centennial evolution of experimental literacy.It is found that,firstly,the evolution of middle school chemistry experiment literacy in the past 100 years can be divided into four stages: the introduction of the Western system and its formative period(1919-1949),the imitation and reference of the Soviet Union and its initial period(1950-1977),the reform and development period(1978-2000)and the independent construction of the literacy system with Chinese characteristics(2001-present).It can be seen from the corresponding policy documents and outline texts that in the past 100 years,the middle school chemistry education has been changing from the subject standard to the trinity of subject,society and students,and the experimental teaching has gradually changed from the status of auxiliary teaching to the main way of students' learning chemistry based on scientific inquiry.Second,through the analysis of the evolution of middle school chemistry experiment literacy in the past century,we can see the characteristics.First,in terms of the connotation structure of middle school chemistry experiment literacy,from simple skill training to the comprehensive application of experimental knowledge and skills as scientific inquiry,from paying attention to the ability of observation and analysis to infiltrating the innovative design of high-level chemical thinking,from cultivating the basic experimental habits to improving the quality Secondly,in the aspect of content system design,it presents the fusion from academic to life and inquiry,the transition from confirmatory to inquiry based multi form fusion,the breakthrough from prescription based mode to STSE based situation design,and the development of experiment evaluation from single paper and pen test to multi form evaluation based on activity performance Thirdly,from the perspective of textbooks,the experimental statement style has gradually changed from single academic to scientific,interesting and humanized.Through the systematic and in-depth investigation of the evolution of middle school chemistry experiment literacy in the past century,the following enlightenment is obtained: in the new period,the reform of chemistry experiment needs to scientifically construct the connotation structure of middle school chemistry experiment literacy;further strengthen the content design and evaluation mechanism of experiment literacy;improve the experimental teaching ability of middle school chemistry teachers,so as to comprehensively deepen the chemical experiment teaching,cultivate students' experimental literacy,and make progress And the development of scientific literacy and core literacy function.