Research On The Teaching Of "Graph And Geometry" In The Second Section Of Primary School With Spatial Concept

The development of pupils' spatial concept is mainly realized through the teaching of "graphics and geometry".The 2011 edition of the new curriculum standard for compulsory education mathematics strengthens the cultivation of students' spatial concept,and takes it as one of the ten core concepts of the new curriculum standard.However,the current teaching of "graphics and geometry" in the second section of primary school has not reached the training requirements,and many teachers still lack the ability to develop students' spatial concept to deal with the teaching materials,and carry out the teaching design,implementation and evaluation.Relevant research is also relatively general.The existing strategy research on cultivating students' spatial concept does not focus on the specific learning period,nor does it analyze the specific teaching process and teaching elements of graphics and geometry.Therefore,the teaching research of "figure and geometry" in the second period of primary school is helpful to make up for the deficiency of the current research,and provide systematic and operable practical guidance for teachers to cultivate students' space concept in the teaching of "figure and geometry" in the second period of primary school.Based on Van Hill's theory of thinking level of geometry,this study aims at the problems existing in the cultivation of students' spatial concept in the teaching of "figure and geometry" in the second period of primary school,and constructs the teaching strategy of "figure and geometry" in the second period of primary school,which points to the spatial concept.According to this theory,students' geometric thinking will not be naturally improved with the growth of age or psychological maturity,and teaching is the decisive factor for the development of students' geometric thinking.Therefore,teachers should pay attention to promoting the development of students' spatial concept through reasonable organization of teaching.This study used literature analysis,questionnaire survey,teacher interview,classroom observation and other methods to study the teaching status quo and teaching strategies of "figure and geometry" in the second learning section of primary schools,which pointed to the spatial concept.This paper analyzes the content carrier,requirements and guarantee conditions of the teaching of "figure and geometry" in the second learning section of primary school,which is oriented to the spatial concept.Investigate and understand the actual teaching status quo and analyze the problems and causes,and put forward targeted teaching strategies accordingly.The proposed strategy is applied to specific cases to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the strategy;Finally,some suggestions are put forward from the perspectives of teachers,students and educational administrative departments.Specific research steps,viewpoints and conclusions are included in the following five aspects:First,according to the requirements of the new curriculum standard,the development characteristics of the spatial concept of the students in the second section of primary school and related theories,the paper analyzes and explains the content carrier,teaching requirements and teaching guarantee conditions of the second section of primary school "graphics and geometry",which points to the spatial concept.Claim space conception teaching goal should be specific,geometric design and teaching content should be more life and dynamic,teaching methods should enhance the student to the geometric activities to explore and experience,teaching attaches great importance to the dynamic geometry software and the use of geometry teaching AIDS,teaching process should pay attention to student's geometrical language expression and geometric operation guidance,teaching evaluation should pay more attention to the students' space concept development process and refining the space concept evaluation criteria.Second,through the questionnaire survey and interview of teachers,combined with classroom observation,this paper analyzes the current teaching status of "figure and geometry" in the second learning section of primary schools,which points to the concept of space.It is found that teachers have some problems,such as unclear expression of teaching objectives of space concept,difficulty in making geometry courseware,inadequate use of geometry tools,and inadequate evaluation of students' development of space concept,and the internal and external causes are analyzed.It is found that the main internal reasons are that teachers do not have enough understanding of relevant theories of space concept,do not have enough secondary development of teaching content,and do not give enough guidance to classroom geometry operation activities,while the unreasonable setting of geometry exercises and examination content and the imperfect evaluation index system of space concept are the external reasons.Thirdly,aiming at the problems existing in the current teaching,teaching strategies are constructed from the following five dimensions: teaching objective design of spatial concept,teaching content organization,selection of teaching methods and means,guidance of classroom teaching process and teaching evaluation.It is suggested that teachers should specify and clearly state the class hour objectives of spatial concept development in the formulation of teaching objectives.To deal with the teaching content,we should establish the situation of students' geometry reality,construct the graphics as a whole and the teaching content of geometry.Use of teaching methods and means to the rational use of geometry teaching software,optimization studies using exploratory operation activities,and enhance the geometry teaching process should pay much attention to students' geometry on the guide of language and expression of the integration of geometric operation and thinking training,to strengthen the teaching evaluation on the students' space concept evaluation and refinement of the space concept evaluation criteria.The fourth is to apply the proposed strategy to the specific teaching of the case of "The Area of Trapezoid",in order to verify and analyze the rationality and feasibility of the strategy constructed in this research.The fifth is to put forward the effective use of the above teaching strategies.It is advocated that teachers should strengthen the study of relevant theories of "spatial concept" and broaden the way of "graphics and geometry" lesson preparation.Students should enhance the consciousness of describing the living space with geometric language and develop the habit of observing the living space.The educational administrative departments should strengthen the development of teaching resources of spatial concept,adjust the content structure of "graphics and geometry" examination,and promote the construction of evaluation system of spatial concept.