Changes Of "Graphics And Geometry" In Primary Mathematics Textbook Of People's Education Press(1951-2022)

Spatial forms and quantitative relationships in the objective world are the main content of mathematics teaching in primary and secondary schools,so "Number and Algebra" and "Graphs and Geometry" are set in elementary school mathematics respectively,and in 2001 the "Compulsory Education Mathematics Curriculum Standards" added "Statistics and Probability" and "Practice and Integrated Applications" were added to the 2001 Compulsory Mathematics Curriculum.Although the content of mathematics teaching is formally set into four areas respectively,they are interrelated and complementary in nature.Among them,"Graphs and Geometry" mainly includes four parts: graph recognition,measurement,movement of graphs,graphs and position.This paper takes the content of "graphs and geometry" in primary school mathematics textbooks published by the People's Education Press since the founding of New China as the object of study,and analyzes the selection and setting of "graphs and geometry" content in different periods,as well as the characteristics and forms of arrangement,in order to provide primary school mathematics educators with a better understanding of the development of textbooks.The purpose is to provide some useful reference for primary school mathematics educators to understand the development of textbooks and education and teaching.Since the founding of New China in 1949,China has carried out eight curriculum reforms,promulgated ten primary school mathematics syllabi(curriculum standards),and published corresponding primary school mathematics textbooks.In December 1950,the People's Education Press was established,and in 1951,the first set of primary school arithmetic textbooks was edited and published according to this provisional standard.Therefore,the research period of this paper is limited to the period from1951 to the present.In addition,before 1978,primary school mathematics was named "arithmetic",and in 1978 it was changed to " primary school mathematics".Whether it is "arithmetic" or "mathematics," the content generally consists of "number and algebra" and "graphics and geometry.The textbooks published by the People's Education Press for primary school mathematics are very representative,so this paper,in order of textbook editions,takes the 1954 Advanced Primary Arithmetic Textbook,the 196110-Year Primary Arithmetic Textbook,the 1978 Full-time 10-Year Primary Mathematics Textbook,the 1989 5-Year Primary Mathematics Textbook,the1989 6-Year Primary Mathematics Textbook,and the 2001 9-Year Compulsory Education 5-Year Primary Mathematics Textbook.2001 Textbook of Mathematics for Nine-Year Compulsory School Five-Year Primary School,2001 Textbook of Mathematics for Nine-Year Compulsory School Six-Year Primary School,and 2012 Textbook of Mathematics for Compulsory Education as example for the study.The study concluded that the content of "Graphs and Geometry" in the1954 textbook was relatively small and concentrated,and this textbook was more focused on the needs of China's actual production life at that time.In1961,the content of "Graphs and Geometry" in the textbook gradually increased,and the arrangement of the content focused on consolidating basic knowledge and strengthening basic training.In the 1978,the textbook of"Graphs and Geometry" reinforced the teaching of basic knowledge more than the previous set of textbooks,and focused on cultivating students' spatial concepts.The content of "Graphs and Geometry" in the 1989 textbook is gradually modernized,and the arrangement of the content is more in line with the students' age characteristics,emphasizing the practical operation so that students can better master the content learned."The content of "Graphs and Geometry" in the 2001 textbook has been reformed,and the geometry knowledge is scattered in each grade in a systematic way,and the geometry knowledge is combined with application problems,which fully reflects the idea of combining numbers and shapes and helps students understand and master the geometry knowledge more deeply.In the 2012 textbook,two parts are added,namely "Figures and Position" and"Movement of Figures",which are arranged in a "spiral" cycle from simple to complex,from concrete to abstract.The textbooks are organized in a"spiral" progression from simple to complex,from concrete to abstract.In short,the eight sets of textbooks have their own characteristics,but the common point is that the content of "figure and geometry" in the beginning is focused on the mastery of basic knowledge of geometry and the cultivation of basic geometric ability.