Influence Of Fujian Science And Technology In Song And Yuan Dynasties On Ming And Qing Dynasties

The Song and Yuan Dynasties were the first peak period of Fujian’s scientific and technological development.The great and numerous scientific and technological achievements made in the Song and Yuan Dynasties had a far-reaching,lasting,comprehensive and extensive influence on the science and technology of Fujian,even the whole country and the world.The achievements of traditional disciplines such as the agriculture,medicine,astronomy and arithmetic of Fujian during Song and Yuan Dynasties exert a great influence on the whole country and even the whole world.The achievements with distinct regional characteristics in agriculture,handicraft industry and construction technology were huge and rich.On this basis,the Ming and Qing Dynasties made continuous efforts to push the development of science and technology in Fujian to another climax.The first chapter,the influence on the practical science in Ming and Qing Dynasties.During the Song and Yuan Dynasties,Fujian achieved leapfrog development in agriculture,medicine,engineering mathematics and musical temperament,which had a far-reaching and lasting influence on Fujian,the whole country and even the world in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.In terms of agronomy,the Lychee Pedicu written by Cai Xiang in the Song Dynasty became a good example for researchers of lychee in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.In terms of medicine,the advanced paper making and printing technology in Song and Yuan Dynasties laid a material foundation for the achievement of Xiong Zongli,a medical master in Ming Dynasty.Song Ci’s Xiyuan Collecting Records became the model for forensic researchers in Ming and Qing Dynasties,and its influence spread throughout the country and the world.In the Southern Song Dynasty,Fujian doctors were the first to study Zhang Zhongjing’s typhoid theory,which set up a model for the Ming and Qing Dynasties’ doctors to enrich and develop typhoid theory.In the aspect of engineering mathematics,Chuang’s Theory of Computation is another achievement of mathematical application engineering.In respect of arithmetic,the advanced paper making and printing technology in Fujian in the Song and Yuan Dynasties enabled the Shi Shu of Suan Jing to be handed down to the Ming and Qing Dynasties.In the aspect of musical temperament,the eighteen temperament theory of Cai Yuanding in the song dynasty laid the foundation for Zhu Zaiyu to establish the epoch-making twelve equal temperament in the Ming dynasty.The second chapter,the influence on Fujian agricultural technology in Ming and Qing Dynasties.The irrigation and water conservancy in the Ming and Qing Dynasties inherited the management experience of establishing specialized personnel and making laws and regulations in the Song and Yuan Dynasties,and the civil construction and management became the main management mode.The water conservancy facilities in Fujian in the Ming and Qing Dynasties combined the functions of water conservancy projects in Song and Yuan Dynasties,such as water storage,irrigation,drainage,tide protection,etc,and added the transportation function.The tradition of waterwheels and digging wells and irrigating fields was continued.The cultivation techniques of food crops such as insecticide,fertilization and seed seeding were further improved.The expanding planting of landian.the breeding technology of fruit trees and the baking method of processing litchi and longan are the biggest surprises of the technological progress of cash crop cultivation.In the aspect of introduction,sweet potato,tobacco and groundnut were another batch of new achievements of Sino-foreign exchange after the introduction of zhancheng rice in the Northern Song Dynasty.The third chapter,the influence on the Ming and Qing Dynasties Fujian handicraft technology.The development pattern of handicraft industry in the Ming and Qing Dynasties was established in the Song,Yuan Dynasties in Fujian:the simultaneous development between mountainous areas and coastal areas,the comprehensive development in the handicraft technology field,and the important window for foreign trade exchanges.The handicraft technology of Fujian in Song and Yuan Dynasties laid a solid foundation and expanded development space for Fujian in Ming and Qing Dynasties.The method of "basking salt in Cheng kan" in the early Ming Dynasty brought about a great change in salt making technology.Shipbuilding technology became mature.From Song and Yuan Dynasties to Ming and Qing Dynasties,the tradition of Fu ships being used as foreign ships never stopped.The scattered experience of bamboo paper manufacturing technology was summarized,and the technology became systematical and programmed;Sugar production inherited the Yuan Dynasty ash solidification method and was improved.White sugar,rock sugar production technology reached a higher level;The technology of wild silkworm stocking and silk reeling in the Song and Yuan Dynasties provided raw materials and technical basis for the development of silk weaving in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.Beiyuan tribute tea not only played an important role in the later rise of Wuyi rock tea and Oolong tea,but also influenced the planting of Taiwan tea;On the basis of the dragon kiln in the Song and Yuan Dynasties,the class kilns in the Ming and Qing Dynasties led to the revolution in porcelain technology.Fujian white porcelain and porcelain carvings were well known throughout the country and exported to overseas markets.The fourth chapter,building construction and improvement.In addition to the "tulou" and"Three Lanes and Seven Alleys" of Fujian,which were on their way to glory and prosperity,there were many other important buildings,such as Chongwu Ancient City in Huian.Qingjing Temple and Confucian Temple in Quanzhou,and Horsetail Luoxing Pagoda in Fuzhou,The image of the earth buildings in Yongding and Yuchang in Ming and Qing Dynasties was deeply influenced by the style of the earth buildings in Fujian in Song and Yuan Dynasties.The basic rudimentary shape of Fuzhou City in Song and Yuan Dynasties laid the foundation for the complete pattern of"Three Lanes and Seven Alleys" in Ming and Qing Dynasties.The names of the lanes were mostly derived from the stories of literati in Song and Yuan Dynasties,which nurtures generations of outstanding talents.Huian Chongwu Ancient City,ravaged by war but still standing,is still a beautiful landscape,inseparable from the Song,Yuan,Ming and Qing ancestors of Fujian renovation and maintenance;From Song and Yuan Dynasties to Ming and Qing Dynasties,Quanzhou Qingjing Temple,as a witness of cultural exchanges between China and Islam,has been preserved by the continuous reconstruction of Fujian ancestors.In the Song and Yuan Dynasties,the legacy of Quanzhou Confucian Temple in Fujian lasted until the Ming and Qing Dynasties,and the architectural complex of Confucian Temple with a large scale and complete pattern finally formed.The Mawei Luoxing Pagoda in Fuzhou donated by Liu Qiniang in the Northern Song Dynasty was also restored and preserved in the Ming Dynasty.