The Comparative Research On The Operational Efficiency Of Chinese Three Types Of Commercial Banks Based On The Three-Stage DEA-Malmquist Model

With the economic and financial integration at home and abroad as well as the development of financial markets,China’s financial system continues to deepen reform.With the gradual entry of foreign banks into the domestic market,the increasingly fierce competition in the financial market and the development trend of interest rate marketization,China’s commercial banks are facing unprecedented challenges and opportunities.Operational efficiency,as a fundamental standard to judge whether an enterprise has the ability of sustainable development,is also of great significance to explore the operation and development of commercial banks.Driven by the economic model of the new era and the economic recovery of the global COVID-19 pandemic,the improvement of operational efficiency and healthy development of commercial banks,as the financial media of China’s economic development,are directly related to the security and stability of the whole financial market and the re-emergence and leading of China’s economic strength on a global scale.This paper selects the panel data of 48 commercial banks in China from 2011 to 2020,construct a reasonable index system of input-output factors and external environmental variables,through three-stage DEA model and three-stage DEA-Malmquist index model,this paper aims to explore the operational efficiency of three types of commercial banks in China from dynamic and static angles,and calculate and compare the asset allocation efficiency and total factor productivity of state-owned commercial banks,joint-stock commercial banks and city commercial banks in recent years.The results show that:(1)From the perspective of static efficiency,the first-stage DEA model underestimates the technical efficiency and scale efficiency of state-owned banks,and overestimates the technical efficiency and scale efficiency of joint-stock banks and city commercial banks.After eliminating the influence of environmental factors and random disturbance,the pure technical efficiency level of commercial banks in China is generally higher,while the technical efficiency value of state-owned banks tends to be at the forefront,and there are obvious differences among the three types of banks in scale efficiency level.Overall analysis,the operational efficiency level of commercial banks in China is highly consistent with the scale efficiency level,and the pure technical efficiency of commercial banks is not obvious except city commercial banks.(2)From the perspective of dynamic efficiency,compared with the calculation results of traditional Malmquist model,the overall change of total factor productivity of state-owned banks and joint-stock banks after adjustment shows a stable trend,while that of city commercial banks shows a fluctuating and expanding trend.In addition,in the third stage,the change rate of technical efficiency and technological progress of state-owned banks decreased slightly,the change of technical efficiency of joint-stock banks shows a downward trend,and the rate of change of technological progress has increased,while the measured values of technical efficiency change and rate of change of technological progress of city commercial banks have both increased.Generally speaking,the total factor productivity of commercial banks depends on the joint influence of technical efficiency change and rate of change of technological progress.In the SFA regression part of the three-stage DEA model,this paper empirically explores the influence of environmental factors such as bank market share,economic development level,bank innovation level,bank asset quality and bank nature on the operational efficiency of commercial banks.Finally,through the empirical analysis results,combined with China’s banking operation mode and new financial formats,it is proposed that commercial banks should reasonably control their own asset scale and efficiently increase market share;Fit the rhythm of China’s economic development and improve the level of intermediary services;Meet the market demand and pay attention to the innovation of business and operation mode;Deepen the reform of ownership and optimize the internal property right structure of banks;Improve the supervision system of non-performing loan ratio and improve the quality of bank loans.