Measurement And Spatial Effect Of Marine Environmental Efficiency In Coastal Provinces In China

With the continuous development and improvement of marine resources development technology,the role of marine economy in national economy has become increasingly prominent.Meanwhile,the marine environmental problems are becoming increasingly serious.It is of great theoretical and practical significance to reasonably measure the marine environmental efficiency and explore the factors affecting the marine environmental efficiency to balance the marine economic development and marine environmental protection.The paper firstly summarizes the research progress of marine economic efficiency and environmental efficiency at home and abroad,then supported by system theory,total factor productivity theory and sustainable development theory,based on the panel data of 11 coastal provinces in China from 2006 to 2018,the entropy method is adopted to construct the marine environmental undesired output index,and the Super-SBM Model is used to measure the static efficiency of the marine environment in coastal areas,and then the Malmquist-Luenberger Productivity Index Model is used to analyze the dynamic efficiency changes and decomposition characteristics of the marine environment.On this basis,the geographical and economic weight matrix is constructed,and the influencing factors and spatial effects of marine environmental efficiency are explored through the Spatial Durbin Model.Finally suggestions for improving China’s marine environmental efficiency are proposed.The main research conclusions are as follows:(1)Not considering undesired outputs will overestimate the efficiency of the marine environment,so including undesired outputs in the calculation is more consistent with actual production.(2)From the time series evolution trend,China’s marine environmental efficiency shows an upward trend during the study period,and the development of each region is unbalanced.The environmental efficiency of the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta was higher than the national average and the growth rate was faster,while the Bohai Sea and Beibu Gulf regions have lower marine environmental efficiency than the national average and slower growth rate.From the spatial pattern evolution trend,the national marine environmental efficiency has gradually transformed from the distribution characteristics of "mainly medium and low efficiency" to the tri-polar spatial distribution pattern of "Bohai Rim Economic Zone with Tianjin as the center,Yangtze River Delta Economic Zone with Shanghai and Jiangsu as the center,and Pan-Pearl River Delta Economic Zone with Guangdong as the center".From the perspective of regional differences,the absolute and relative differences of marine environmental efficiency in coastal areas show a trend of rising and then falling.(3)The total factor productivity of the marine environment showed a fluctuating upward trend as a whole,and maintained a rapid growth from 2006 to 2011.Technological progress is the main factor driving the improvement of total factor productivity,and some years are the result of the alternating effects of pure technical efficiency,scale efficiency and technological progress.From the perspective of spatial structure,the total factor productivity of the Pearl River Delta and the Yangtze River Delta has maintained a relatively stable growth,the Bohai Rim region has changed from growth to decline after 2017,and Liaoning Province has changed from decline to growth in2017.(4)Marine environmental efficiency has a negative spatial spillover effect,and has obvious spatial agglomeration characteristics.Pollutants diffuse to the surrounding area through seawater,atmosphere,etc.,and have a negative impact on the adjacent marine environment.The investment in marine science and technology,the level of marine scientific research and the activity of ports have a significant negative impact on the environmental efficiency of the province,and have a significant role in promoting neighboring provinces.The scale of the marine economy has a significant positive impact on the environmental efficiency of the province.Economic development provides the economic basis for the improvement of local marine environment,and the improvement of environmental efficiency pulls the economic upgrading,forming a two-way virtuous cycle of promotion.