Effects Of Garlic Oil On Lipid Metabolism And Intestinal Microflora In Alcohol-exposed Rats

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of garlic oil（GO）on lipid metabolism and intestinal microflora in rats exposed to alcohol.Method1.Animal grouping and intervention methods:Sixty 6-week-old healthy male Sprague Dawley（SD）rats were randomly divided into 5 groups:a normal group（CON）,a model group（MOD）,a low-dose GO group（GO-L）,a high-dose GO group（GO-H）and a positive group（POS）;CON group was given normal saline;MOD group was given 56%（v/v）alcohol 8 ml·kg^-1·d^-1intragastric administration for 2 w,10 ml·kg^-1·d^-1intragastric administration for 8w;The alcohol dose of low and high dose GO groups was the same as that of MOD group,meanwhile,20 and 40 mg·kg^-1·d^-1GO were given intragastric administration,respectively.The POS group was given 200 mg·kg^-1d^-1diammonium glycyrrhizinate by gavage.Each week’s weight change was recorded.After 10 weeks of intervention,the rats were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium,and blood was collected through abdominal aorta.Liver tissue,colon tissue,and intestinal contents were collected for follow-up index detection.2.Body weight:during the experiment,the body weight was measured weekly.3.The levels of serum alanine aminotransferase（ALT）,aspartate aminotransferase（AST）,gamma-glutamyl transferase（GGT）,cholinesterase（CHE）were detected by automatic biochemical analyzer;Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）was used to detect the levels of serum triacylglycerol（TG）,total cholesterol（TC）,high-density lipoprotein（HDL-C）,and low-density lipoprotein（LDL-C）,liver TG,superoxide dismutase（SOD）,glutathione peroxidase（GSH-Px）,and malondialdehyde（MDA）in serum,liver,and colon tissues.4.The protein expression levels of Silent information regulator 1（Sirt1）,Proliferator-activated receptor-gamma co-activator-1alpha（PGC-1α）,and Forkhead transcription factor O1（Fox O1）in liver and ZO-1 and Claudin-1 in colonic tissue were detected by Western blot（WB）.5.Detection of intestinal flora:16S r DNA gene sequencing was used to analyze the differences of intestinal flora in the intestinal contents of rats.The contents of short-chain fatty acids in feces of rats were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（GC-MS）.Results1.Within 10 weeks of alcohol exposure,the body weight of MOD group rats was significantly lower than that of CON group from the second week（P<0.05）.The body weight of GO-H group was significantly higher than that of MOD group from the third week（P<0.05）.2.The levels of serum ALT,AST,GGT,and CHE in MOD group were significantly higher than those in CON group（P<0.05）;The serum ALT and AST levels in GO-H group and POS group were significantly lower than those in MOD group（P<0.05）.The serum and liver TG levels in MOD group was significantly higher than that in CON group（P<0.05）;the serum and liver TG levels in GO-H groups was significantly lower than that in MOD group（P<0.05）.There were no significant differences in TC,HDL-C,and LDL-C levels among all groups（P>0.05）.The MDA levels in serum,liver,and colon tissue of MOD group were significantly higher than those of CON group（P<0.05）,and the SOD and GSH-Px levels in MOD group were significantly lower than those of CON group（P<0.05）.The MDA levels in serum,liver,and colon tissue of GO-H group were significantly lower than those of MOD group（P<0.05）,and the SOD and GSH-Px levels in GO-H group were significantly higher than those of MOD group（P<0.05）.3.The Sirt1 and PGC-1αlevels in MOD group were significantly lower than those in CON group（P<0.05）,the levels of Sirt1 and PGC-1αin GO-H group were significantly higher than those in MOD group（P<0.05）.Fox O1 level in MOD group was significantly higher than that in CON group（P<0.05）,Fox O1 level in GO-H group was significantly lower than MOD group（P<0.05）.The protein expression levels of ZO-1and Claudin-1 in MOD group were significantly lower than those in CON group（P<0.05）,the protein expression levels of ZO-1 and Claudin-1 in colon tissues of GO-H group were significantly higher than those of MOD group（P<0.05）.4.Compared with CON group and GO-H group,the structural composition of rats in MOD group changed significantly.The abundance of Bacteroides in MOD group was significantly lower than that in CON group（P<0.05）,while the abundance of Actinobacteria was significantly higher than that in CON group（P<0.05）.LESe analysis showed that Actinobacteria and Euryarchaeota were significantly different species in MOD group.The contents of acetic acid（AA）,propionic acid（PA）,isobutyric acid（IBA）,butyric acid（BA）,isovaleric acid（IVA）,valeric acid（VA）,and caproic acid（HA）in MOD group were significantly lower than those in CON group（P<0.05）;the levels of AA and PA in GO-H group were significantly higher than those in MOD group（P<0.05）.ConclusionLong-term alcohol intake can cause lipid metabolism disorder in rats.GO can regulate Sirt1 and its downstream proteins Fox O1 and PGC-1αto regulate oxidative stress and alleviate the lipid metabolism disorders caused by alcohol exposure.In addition,GO can repair the mechanical barrier of intestinal mucosa and regulate intestinal flora,further helping to relieve lipid metabolism disorder in alcohol-exposed rats.