Eco-efficiency Evaluation Of Chinese Industries From The Perspective Of Energy And Water Footprin

Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China,Chinese economy has developed rapidly.At the same time,the contradiction between economy and resources and environment has gradually emerged.Since 2005,China has included energy conservation and emission reduction in the national development plan.Energy and water resources play an extremely important role in the production process of Chinese industrial sectors.Therefore,it is necessary to analyze the use of energy and water resources in industrial sectors in detail,and put forward targeted energy-saving and water-saving policies to further improve the ecological efficiency of industrial sectors.Based on Chinese input-output table from 2005 to 2020,this paper compiled a resource-mixed input-output table to calculate the energy and water footprint of Chinese industrial sectors.The energy and water coupling strength index of industry sectors is constructed to evaluate the comprehensive consumption of energy and water resources in Chinese industry sectors.On this basis,the hidden energy footprint and hidden water footprint of the industry sector are further included in the input-output system of Chinese industry sector ecological efficiency to evaluate the ecological efficiency of Chinese industry sector.And analyze the potential of water saving and energy saving for each department.The results show that:(1)The total implied energy footprint of Chinese industrial sectors shows an upward trend,from 291568.234 tons of standard coal in 2005 to477979.137 tons of standard coal,with an average annual growth rate of 5%,and the average growth rate slowed to 1.2% after 2012.The total implied water footprint of Chinese industrial sectors increased first and then decreased during the study period,from 522.4 billion m~3 in 2005.Slowly increase to 5525.634 billion m~3 in 2015。From 2015 to 2020,the total implied water footprint of Chinese industrial sectors dropped to 552.5 billion m~3。From the perspective of industries,there are obvious differences between direct resource consumption and implied resource footprint of each industry.There is a mismatch between the direct consumption of energy and water resources and the full footprint of the industry sector.(2)The resource consumption characteristics of Chinese industrial sectors are obvious,with the highest implied energy and water footprint intensity of 0.728 in the construction industry,which is an energy-consuming industry;The coupling strength of agricultural direct resources is 0.521,and the coupling strength of implicit resources is 0.529,which is a typical water resource consumption industry.The resource consumption characteristics of industry sectors are different under the two energy and water coupling intensities,and the resource dependence types of five industry sectors change.When determining the type of industry resource consumption,comprehensive consideration should be given from multiple perspectives.(3)The overall level of ecological efficiency of Chinese industrial sectors is not high,showing a gradual upward trend during the study period,with an average ecological efficiency of 0.676.(4)The energy saving and water saving potential of Chinese industrial sectors is huge,with the total energy saving potential of 59% and the water saving potential of 47%.The energy saving potential of 10 industrial sectors is greater than 50%,and the water saving potential of 5 industrial sectors is greater than 50%.There is also a mismatch between the energy saving potential of the industry sector and the proportion of the energy saving and water saving volume of the industry to the total energy saving and water saving volume.Therefore,when implementing energy-saving and water-saving policies,we should comprehensively consider the energy-saving and water-saving potential of industrial sectors and the proportion of energy-saving and water-saving in the whole industry,so as to better improve the ecological efficiency of Chinese industrial sectors.Based on the above results,policy recommendations are given:(1)The policy should fully consider the type of resource consumption of each industry sector.(2)Promote the upgrading of industrial structure.Gradually move closer to the low resource consumption and intensive industrial structure.(3)The government and the industry should work together to improve the ecological efficiency of the industry.