| During the 14 th Five-Year Plan period,China’s ecological civilization construction has entered a crucial period with carbon reduction as the key strategic direction,promoting the synergistic effect of carbon reduction and pollution reduction,promoting the comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development,and realizing the improvement of ecological environment quality from quantitative to qualitative change.In order to improve the quality of China’s ecological environment,the General Office of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment issued the Implementation Plan for the Synergic Efficiency of Reducing Pollution and Carbon on June 13,2022.In the new development stage,the coordinated promotion of pollution reduction and carbon reduction has become an inevitable choice.Although relevant work has been carried out in the whole society and certain progress has been made,it remains to be further demonstrated whether the implementation of relevant policies needs to be improved and how its effect will be.Based on the above background,this paper is based on the panel data of 30 provinces(municipalities)except Xizang,Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan.The entropy method is used to measure the intensity of different types of environmental regulations in different provinces(municipalities)during 2001-2020.On this basis,the temporal and spatial changes of the intensity of different types of environmental regulations are further analyzed.The equivalent method of air pollutants and the synergistic coefficient method of carbon reduction were used to calculate the synergistic coefficient of carbon reduction in each province(municipality)from 2001 to 2020,and the spatio-temporal variation characteristics were analyzed.Moran’s I index was used to test the spatial dependence of the synergistic effect of pollution reduction and carbon reduction at the national and provincial levels.Based on the analysis of spatial autocorrelation,a spatial measurement model was established to study the direct and indirect effects of three different environmental regulations on the synergistic effects of carbon reduction and pollution reduction.Finally,based on the research results of the article,targeted measures are put forward to further promote the synergistic effect of pollution reduction and carbon reduction to help the ecological environment to improve.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)From 2001 to 2020,the intensity of comprehensive environmental regulations in30 provinces(municipalities)except Tibet,Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan showed a slow rising trend in the fluctuation,with great regional heterogeneity.The average value of comprehensive environmental regulation intensity in the eastern,central and western regions shows that by 2010,eastern region(0.0500)> China average(0.0434)> western region(0.0425)>central region(0.0357);by 2020,western region(0.1020)>China average(0.0895)> central region(0.0856)>western region(0.0798)From the horizontal comparison between provinces(municipalities)in the 20 years from 2001 to 2020,there are significant differences in the level,speed and amplitude of environmental regulations in different regions,which indicates that despite 20 years of long-term environmental governance,it is still difficult for some regions to control the rising trend of environmental pollution emissions,and also indicates that the current environmental governance problems need to be solved urgently.(2)From 2001 to 2020,the synergistic effect coefficient of pollution reduction and carbon reduction in China showed an upward trend of different amplitude,with obvious spatial autocorrelation.From 2001 to 2020,the synergistic effect coefficients of carbon reduction in 30 provinces(municipalities)of East China,West China and three regions showed an increasing trend of different amplitude.No matter in the 0-1 adjacent weight matrix or the geographical distance weight matrix,the global Moran’s I index of the synergistic effect of pollution reduction and carbon reduction from 2001 to 2020 is greater than 0,and the P value is less than 0.05,indicating that the synergistic effect of pollution reduction and carbon reduction has a relatively obvious spatial positive correlation.The local Moran’s I index scatter plots of five years in 2001,2005,2010,2015 and 2020 show that most provinces are evenly distributed in the first and third quadrants,no matter in the0-1 adjacent weight matrix or in the geographical distance weight matrix.The synergies of carbon reduction and pollution reduction show positive spatial aggregation effect and stable spatial autocorrelation.(3)Command-type environmental regulation plays a leading role in the synergistic effect of pollution reduction and carbon reduction in China,while market-type environmental regulation is not stable and is greatly affected by changes in market conditions,while voluntary environmental regulation is not outstanding.For the whole country,under the 0-1 adjacent weight matrix,the effect levels of three different types of environmental regulations on the synergistic effect of pollution reduction and carbon reduction are command control environmental regulations(0.163)> market incentive type environmental regulation(0.074)> voluntary environmental regulation(0.002)passed the significance test level of 5%,5% and 1%,respectively;The test results under the geographical distance weight matrix are as follows: command-controlled environmental regulation(0.137)> market incentive type environmental regulation(0.053)> voluntary environmental regulation(0.002)passed the significance test level of5%,5% and 1%,respectively,and the three environmental regulations all showed positive effects on carbon emissions to varying degrees.(4)Among the indirect influencing mechanisms of environmental regulation on the synergistic effect of pollution reduction and carbon reduction,the effect of technological innovation mechanism is significant,the effect of industrial structure upgrading mechanism is relatively weak,and the intermediary effect of foreign investment mechanism does not exist.Among the three intermediary variables,the improvement of environmental regulation level plays a role in promoting technological innovation and industrial structure upgrading,but has a significant negative effect on foreign direct investment.,and their effects were as follows: technological innovation mechanism(0.57)>industrial structure upgrading mechanism(0.38). |
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