| In addition to its efficient product production function,the land ecosystem also provides many ecological services such as regulation services,support services,and cultural services,maintaining the country’s food security and ecological stability.In the context of the current urbanization process,human intervention and development of natural ecology are increasing,and the functions of ecosystem services are gradually being degraded.At the same time,with the improvement of living standards,people’s demand for ecosystem services is increasing day by day,and the contradiction and dislocation between supply and demand are gradually exposed,exacerbating regional ecological safety risks.The 20th National Congress Report pointed out that we should continuously enhance the diversity,stability and sustainability of ecosystems,promote green development and foster a harmonious coexistence between humans and nature.Especially in the current historical context of China’s development entering a new era,strengthening the protection of land ecosystems,ensuring the orderly exploitation of natural resources and promoting the harmonious development of man and nature are important parts of the construction of ecological civilisation.Therefore,it is necessary to balance ecological supply and human demand in the process of economic development,and to gain insight into the whole process of the diffusion of ecosystem services from generation,transmission,and then consumption.The aim is to better regulate and balance the supply and demand of ecosystem services,promote the improvement of ecological quality,green development and synergistic development among regions,and safeguard human well-being.Hubei Province is a large economic province and a strong agricultural province in China.The Outline of the Yangtze River Economic Belt Development Plan,the strategy of"Promoting the Rise of the Central Region"and the idea of"Grasping Great Protection and Refraining from Great Development"in the Yangtze River Economic Belt region have all brought new opportunities and higher-level challenges to the in-depth development of Hubei Province.Therefore,based on the perspective of service flow,this thesis takes Hubei Province as the study area and selects water yield,food production,carbon storage and habitat quality as research objects,then build a regional supply and demand evaluation system of ecosystem service and reveal its temp-spatial distribution from 2000 to 2020.Secondly,based on the calculation results of ecosystem service supply and demand,the concept of supply-demand ratio is introduced to measure and analyze the matching relationship between supply and demand for land ecosystem services in Hubei Province;Finally,according to the supply and demand of ecosystem services in each county-level unit,the diffusion path and diffusion flow size of ecosystem services among regions are characterized and calculated.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)From 2000 to 2020,the supply of water-yield services of land ecosystems in Hubei Province increased from 100.963 billion m~3 to 175.359 billion m~3,with an average annual change rate of 20.13%.The high-value areas are concentrated in the mountains of Southwestern Hubei and Eastern Hubei.The low-value areas are concentrated in Northwestern Hubei and Jianghan Plain.The supply of food production services increased from 22.1849 million tons to 27.2743 million tons,with an average annual change rate of 5.53%.The high-value areas were concentrated in Northwestern Hubei and Jianghan Plain.The low-value areas are mostly distributed in farmland around the city.The supply of carbon storage services decreased from 2.420billion tons to 2.378 billion tons,with an average annual change rate of-1.75%.The supply of habitat quality services decreased from 0.6174 to 0.6095,with an average annual change rate of-0.32%.The supply of carbon storage services and habitat quality services have gradually increased from the Middle and Eastern Hubei to Western Hubei and Eastern Hubei.(2)From 2000 to 2020,the demand of water-wield services of the land ecosystem of Hubei Province increased from 26.169 billion m~3 to 27.082 billion m~3,with an average annual change rate of 1.19%.The demand of food production services increased from 23.7132 million tons to 24.2561 million tons,with an average annual change rate of 2.30%.The demand of carbon storage services increased from0.40 billion tons to 112 million tons,with an average annual change rate of 32.62%.The demand of habitat quality services increased from 0.1286 to 0.1314,with an average annual change rate of 0.52%.The spatial distribution of ecosystem services is relatively similar.The high-value areas are concentrated in the economically developed areas of Eastern Hubei,while the low-value areas are concentrated in the mountainous areas of Western Hubei and Dabie Mountain in Northeast Hubei,as well as the hilly areas of Southeast Hubei.(3)From 2000 to 2020,the supply-demand ratio of water yield services,carbon storage services,and habitat quality services of land ecosystem in Hubei Province was greater than 0,and it has been in a surplus state.Affected by the brown planthopper outbreak disaster,the supply-demand ratio of food production services in 2005 was less than 0,and there was a slight deficit in food production.Surplus areas of water yield services,carbon storage services,and habitat quality are concentrated in the surrounding mountainous areas,and the supply-demand ratio gradually decreases from the surrounding areas to the Central Hubei.Surplus areas of food production services are concentrated in Jianghan Plain in the south-central region of Hubei The deficit areas of various ecosystem services are concentrated in Jianghan Plain in the middle eastern of Hubei,with urban areas as the center and spreading to the surrounding areas.(4)From 2000 to 2020,the spatial diffusion paths of water-yield services of land ecosystems in Hubei Province were reduced from 16 to 13,and the spatial diffusion paths of carbon storage services were increased from 6 to 8.The spatial diffusion range of water-yield services and carbon storage services is small,and areas with unbalanced supply and demand matching can only rely on the resource compensation of the surrounding areas to meet their own needs.The diffusion of food production is frequent and intensive,and the diffusion path has been reduced from 101 to 68.Over time,the diffusion discipline of food production and service has gradually evolved to be centered on Wuhan-Huangshi-Huanggang,and the diffusion path is radially distributed around.The spatial diffusion paths of habitat quality services have increased from 14 to 17,mainly forming two agglomeration areas in the eastern Wuhan area and the central farmland area. |
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