| The "M" district is a high-quality vegetable production base and key area in Sichuan Province.As one of the characteristic leading industries in the "M" district,the vegetable industry has become a pillar industry for increasing farmers’ income.In order to better understand the basic situation of local vegetable quality and safety and strengthen vegetable quality and safety supervision,this study randomly sampled 1201 vegetable samples planted and sold in the production base of the "M" district from 2020 to 2022,Using gas chromatography to analyze the residues of 31 organic phosphorus pesticides,organochlorine pesticides,and pyrethroid pesticides in vegetables,targeted measures for improving the quality and safety supervision of agricultural products are proposed for the healthy and green development of the vegetable industry in the "M" area.The main research findings are as follows:(1)Based on the NY/T 761-2008 standard detection method,31 pesticide residue gas chromatograph analysis conditions were optimized.16 organic phosphorus pesticides,15 organic chlorine pesticides,and pyrethroid pesticide components were effectively separated without interference.Method validation was conducted,and the recovery rates of31 pesticides were all between 80% and 120%,with relative standard deviations less than10%.The detection limit of the method met the requirements of NY/T 761-2008,The correlation coefficients of the established standard curves are all greater than 0.999,and the above conditions meet the experimental requirements.(2)For three consecutive years,a total of 1201 samples of bulbs,Brassica,leafy vegetables,eggplants,melons,legumes,and rhizome vegetables were sampled.The overall qualification rate was 97.75%,with a detection rate of 20.4%.The qualification rate was2022(98.72%)>2020(98%)>2021(97.73%),with a detection rate of 2020(22.75%)>2021(19.4%)>2022(19.06%).A total of 17 types of pesticide parameters were detected for 31 items,including 11 conventional pesticides,6 prohibited and restricted pesticides,and 6pyrethroid pesticides.The most detected types were found,and the pesticide with the highest detection rate and exceeding standard rate was Pythiram,which reached 9.08% and0.58%.IV(3)The detection results of different kinds of vegetables showed that the types of pesticides detected and the results were quite different.Except for melons and beans,the qualification rate was 100% for three consecutive years,and other kinds of vegetables were unqualified.Bulbs had the highest rate of exceeding the standard of 7.01%,followed by Brassica,which was 2.66%;The highest detection rate was found in bulbs,accounting for39.49%,followed by leafy vegetables and eggplants,accounting for 23.79% and 22%,respectively.The lowest detection rate was found in melons,accounting for only 5.5%;Bulbs,Brassica and leafy vegetables were detected as prohibited and restricted pesticides in three years.Bulbs were detected as the most prohibited and restricted pesticides,and three were detected.(4)The inspection results of vegetables sampled by different types of subjects show that the qualification rate of vegetables sampled from production bases and Farmers’ market for three consecutive years is relatively stable.The qualification rate of vegetables in agricultural companies for three consecutive years is 100%,and other types of subjects have been found unqualified,of which the highest rate of over standard is retail investors,up to 4.7%;The highest detection rate was found in family farms at 25.13%,followed by retail households at 21.37%;The vegetables with banned and restricted pesticides detected in three years were from retail investors,Farmers’ market,and family farms,among which,the largest number of banned and restricted pesticides were detected by retail investors,and four were detected.(5)Through investigation and research on the quality and safety supervision strategy of agricultural products in the "M" area,the current situation of vegetable quality and safety supervision in the "M" area was analyzed.Based on the current situation of pesticide residues in vegetables,the problems in terms of producers’ own quality,unreasonable use of pesticides,government supervision,implementation of origin approval and traceability systems,intensity of vegetable quality and safety testing,and degree of standardization of vegetable planting were proposed,Specific measures have been proposed to improve the quality and safety supervision of vegetables in the "M" area,focusing on strengthening the publicity and education of agricultural production entities,improving the quality and safety supervision system of agricultural products,improving the quality and safety inspection system of agricultural products,strengthening agricultural law enforcement supervision,improving the vegetable market access system,and building a high-quality agricultural product production base. |
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