| With the continuous promotion of the construction of ecological civilization and healthy China,while the healing power of green plants and the health benefits of green spaces have become a hot topic of concern,more and more people choose to carry out their daily activities in green spaces,and aspire to a high-quality landscape environment.Plants are the most important and vital landscape elements in urban parks,which can enclose a variety of spaces,and plant landscape space helps urban parks to play the function of recreation.Visitors in different recreational activities,the requirements of the plant landscape space is different.Therefore,recognizing the importance of urban park plant landscape to the public,from the perspective of the public’s perception and preference for urban park plant landscape spaces,the design of high-quality plant landscape space to meet public demand becomes an important support for the social service function of the garden.Taking the plant landscape spaces in 8 urban parks in the downtown area of Ulanqab,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region as the research objects,the literature research method,field research method,questionnaire survey method and data analysis method were used to investigate and study the plant species in urban parks,the characteristic indicators of plant landscape spaces,the perception and preference situation of visitors to the environment in the parks,the behavior patterns of visitors,and the preference rating of the public to obtain Characteristics of plant species in urban parks,characteristics and types of plant landscape spaces,SD scores of visitors’ perceptions and preferences for different plant landscape spaces,visitors’ behavioral preferences in different plant landscape spaces,and public ratings of the beauty of plant landscape spaces.The indicators of plant landscape space characteristics related to visitors’ perception scores,preference scores,and density of visitors with different behaviors are explored through correlation analysis;the indicators affecting the public’s beauty degree evaluation are selected through multiple regression analysis,and the beauty degree evaluation model of plant landscape spaces are established.Comprehensive analysis is conducted to propose the optimization of plant landscape in urban parks in Inner Mongolia,which provides a reference basis for improving visitors’ recreational experience in plant landscape spaces and constructing humanized urban parks in the future.The main research results are as follows:(1)There are 225 plant species in the 8 urban parks,belonging to 61 families and 145 genera.The most obvious advantages in the number of species are large families such as Asteraceae,Rosaceae and Pteridophyta;the ratio of the number of species of arbors,shrubs,vines and herbs is 12.6:9.6:1:21.6,with more herbaceous species and fewer vine species;the ratio of the number of species of evergreen trees to deciduous trees is more than 1:8,with fewer evergreen species;the number of species of cultivated woody plants is about 18 times that of wild The number of cultivated woody plant species is about 18 times that of wild woody plants,and the number of wild herbaceous plant species is about twice that of cultivated herbaceous plants,and the number of cultivated woody plant and wild herbaceous plant species is outstanding.The highest ranking plants in the arbor,shrub and herb layers in terms of importance were Populus cathayana,Picea meyeri(hedgerow)and Poa annua,respectively.(2)The sensory perception and psychological perception of the park visitors to the plant landscape spaces are basically the same.They think that when they are in the plant landscape spaces of the urban park,they feel safe and comfortable psychologically,and feel open in the sensory sense,but there are few ornamental features and single color of plants,and there is no aromatic smell.Visitors have a high overall evaluation of the combined landscape spaces of water bodies and plants and the combined landscape spaces of squares and plants,and a low overall evaluation of the pure plant landscape spaces.The water body and plant combination landscape spaces and plaza and plant combination landscape spaces in Ulanqab urban parks have the advantages of high plant aesthetics,transparent view,rich and varied scenery,comfortable and pleasant space,etc.;the pure plant landscape spaces have deficiencies such as unattractive plants and single color.Some of the plant landscape spaces characteristics indicators are related to the visitors’ perception score.Among them,the three environmental factors of plant ornamental characteristics,color composition and hydrophilicity are related to nearly half of the perception rating items,which are more likely to influence visitors’ perception.(3)Visitors to the 5 types of plant landscape spaces landscape preference from high to low ranking:water bodies and plant combination landscape spaces > plaza and plant combination landscape spaces >building(structure)and plant combination landscape spaces > road and plant combination landscape spaces > pure plant landscape spaces.Visitors love the plant landscape spaces with rich colors,openness and good hydrophilicity.Visitors like to enjoy the scenery and social behavior in different plant landscape spaces.Visitors tend to carry out quiet resting activities in the plant landscape spaces near the water’s edge,with more wild plants and far from the entrance and exit;carry out leisure and recreational activities in the plant landscape spaces with less wild plant species,less vegetation coverage and quiet;carry out sports and fitness activities in the plant landscape spaces with plaza.(4)The public’s beauty rating of the 5 types of plant landscape spaces is ranked from highest to lowest: road and plant combination landscape spaces > water body and plant combination landscape spaces > pure plant landscape spaces > building(structure)and plant combination landscape spaces >plaza and plant combination landscape spaces.The SBE value of plant landscape spaces is mainly influenced by the proportion of shrubs(X4),herbs(X5),bare soil(X8),roads(X9),species richness(F1),community structure type(F2),depression(F4)and green view rate(G1).The public rated the spatial beauty of plant landscape with high proportion of shrubs and herbs,small area of bare soil,roads,relatively low species richness,community structure type tending to be tree-shrub-grass,high degree of depression,and high green view rate highly.The regression model of spatial beauty of plant landscape spaces is:SBE=-41+51.291X4+47.892X5-98.68X8+87.344X9-8.124F1+21.518F2+16.826F4+45.754G1. |
