Research On Optimization For Urban Distribution Route Of Electric Logistics Vehicles Based On Different Power Supply Methods

With the rapid development of China’s economy,the number of logistics urban distribution traffic has soared,and the distribution that continues to use traditional fuel logistics vehicles will increase energy crisis and environmental pollution,and electric logistics vehicles have been vigorously promoted in the field of China’s logistics city distribution due to the advantages of environmental protection and low energy consumption: rechargeable electric logistics vehicles have been applied on a large scale,and the application pilot work is being carried out gradually for battery-swappable electric logistics,so the electric logistics vehicles also appear two types of power supply methods of charging and battery swapping,and the characteristics of the two types of power supply methods are different,and the impact on the logistics distribution results is also different.At the same time,electric logistics vehicles have also exposed some problems in practical applications,such as short cruising range,small load capacity,long charging time for rechargeable electric logistics vehicles,and unreasonable distribution route planning.Based on the above background,this paper proposes three power supply methods: quota charging,flexible charging and fast battery swapping,and builds the urban distribution route optimization model of electric logistics vehicles respectively.By comparing the distribution schemes and distribution costs under the three different power supply methods,it provides suggestions for enterprises on scientific selection of models and charging methods,reasonable planning of distribution routes for electric logistics vehicles.The main contents of this paper are as follows:(1)Theoretical studies.By studying the relevant theories of electric logistics vehicles,this paper introduces the development,application scenarios,power supply methods of electric logistics vehicles,and development of power supply facilities;By studying the related theories of VRP problem and the queuing theory,this paper provides theoretical support for the construction of the EVRP models and the calculation of the queuing charging time.(2)Model construction.This paper considers fixed cost,distribution personnel labor cost,maintenance cost,replenishing cost,carbon emissions cost,and penalty cost for violating the customer time window,and the minimum sum of the six costs is taken as the objective function,and the EVRP-QC model,EVRP-FC model,EVRP-FBS model are respectively constructed for three proposed power supply methods,and adds constraints such as the number of vehicles,load,electricity into these models.Finally,the correctness of these models are verified by solving a small-scale arithmetic case.(3)Algorithm design.By comparing various algorithms,this paper selects the genetic algorithm to solve the three models,adopts the natural digital coding method for EVRP-QC model and EVRP-FBS model,and adopts the hybrid coding method for EVRP-FC model,obtains the initial population with high quality by applying scanning heuristic algorithm and inserting charging/ battery swapping stations,and then improves genetic operation to improve the solution quality and convergence speed of the algorithm.(4)Example analysis.In this paper,Beijing X Company is selected for case analysis.Through reasonable data selection and parameter setting,the distribution scheme and distribution cost under three different power supply methods of full charging,flexible charging and fast battery swapping are obtained,and combing the results of the sensitivity analysis,it is found that in the same scenario,it is more economical to use a batteryswappable electric logistics vehicle for distribution,and when using a rechargeable electric logistics vehicle for distribution,the economy of the flexible charging method is better than the quota charging method.The research results of this paper can help enterprises choose suitable models,adopt reasonable charging methods and reasonably plan distribution routes for electric logistics vehicles,which can help to solve some problems such as difficult charging and short cruising range of electric logistics vehicles in practical applications,thereby facilitating the promotion and application of electric logistics vehicles in the field of urban distribution.There are 38 figures,36 tables,and 70 references in this paper.