Study On Regional Characteristics Of Artistic Language Of Traditional Residential Building In Northern Shaanxi

The geographical characteristics of thousands of ditches and ravines in northern Shaanxi and the geographical position of the five neighboring provinces make it give birth to unique folk culture in the process of social development.Among them,as an important carrier of rural culture,traditional folk houses intuitively reflect the shape and artistic characteristics of local folk houses,and send out the local rich folk customs.With the formation of Yellow River culture and the development of Chinese civilization,it is aesthetic,practical and irreplaceable.Since 2003,the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development,PRC and the State Administration of Cultural Heritage have jointly carried out the selection of Famous Chinese historical and cultural towns and villages,aiming to provide substantial protection for valuable ancient villages and towns,which has provided strong policy support for the protection and development of Traditional Chinese residential buildings.However,with the acceleration of urbanization,the residential buildings in northern Shaanxi have been damaged in different degrees to some extent.Part of the damage is from the exposure of the defects of the buildings themselves,and the other part is from the unconscious transformation and reinforcement of the residential buildings by external factors(including artificial destruction).For example,traditional cave dwellings made of raw soil have been abandoned or remodeled by the people due to poor indoor ventilation,humid environment,insufficient lighting,etc.,which has aggravated the destruction of the original features of the buildings and aggravated the collapse of cave dwellings.It is undoubtedly not desirable;another example,with the introduction of high technology and the improvement of people’s living standards,the traditional and old architectural heritage has been regarded by modern people as backward and dilapidated,and they choose to abandon the kiln to build a house or ignore it.Over time,tradition will cease to exist or stagnate,and culture will gradually disappear.Therefore,strengthening the protection and research of traditional residential buildings in northern Shaanxi has very important practical,academic and historical value.On the basis of participating in the key projects of art science of the National Social Science Fund and commissioned by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism,this paper focuses on the in-depth and systematic discussion of the architectural form and artistic characteristics of traditional dwellings in northern Shaanxi,and further explores the folk culture behind the architecture,and analyzes the internal relationship between architecture and environment and culture.This process includes summarizing and summarizing the relevant literature of ancient residential buildings in northern Shaanxi,and using field research method to collect pictures,measure courtyards and draw drawings of residential buildings in seven counties of two cities in northern Shaanxi.A large number of detailed and valuable first-hand information is obtained,which lays a good foundation for this study.The main research contents and conclusions are as follows:(1)Starting from the regional environment and humanistic history of northern Shaanxi,the natural factors and humanistic background that form the characteristics of local residential buildings are explored.Summarize and summarize the distribution and type characteristics of residential buildings in northern Shaanxi,and summarize the settlement characteristics and artistic characteristics of residential buildings.For example,there are mainly two types of residential buildings in northern Shaanxi,namely cave type and brick-wood courtyard type.The spatial layout of the buildings is divided into four types,namely banded,dotted,branched and grouped.In terms of artistic features,construction location,building materials and architectural color complement each other to form the natural beauty of residential buildings in northern Shaanxi;axisymmetric,primary and secondary spatial layout constitutes the independence of indoor and outdoor space.The diversity of arch,eaves,doors and windows constitutes the beauty of the structure of the building.The combination of virtual and real space expression increases the continuity and circulation of architectural space.(2)The morphological characteristics and artistic characteristics of residential buildings in northern Shaanxi are deeply explored.From the macro to micro perspectives,the courtyard morphology,spatial layout,architectural structure,architectural art and folk culture of residential buildings in the region are analyzed,and the residential courtyards with typical characteristics are selected for demonstration.In addition,in order to further strengthen the relationship between residential buildings and regional culture and highlight the regional characteristics of residential buildings in northern Shaanxi,the author compares the traditional residential buildings in this area with the architectural form,courtyard form,architectural monomer and decorative art of the surrounding areas by horizontal comparison.Such as:residential courtyard form is given priority to with three,four courtyards,each family of strong combination and series;in terms of spatial layout,the cave dwellings are mainly Japanese-shaped and L-shaped,while the brick-wood courtyards are mainly composed of two types of light,dark and dark.In terms of architectural construction and architectural art,rich and varied architectural construction not only meets the practical function,but also has decorative art.The richness of construction and the exquisite degree of decoration are related to the identity and status of the owner.In addition,influenced by traditional cultural ideas,the decorative patterns of residential buildings reflect a strong view of folk custom,mainly in the majority of people praying for more children and more happiness,success,and the meaning of more than five happiness and more than three happiness.Patterns in the carving pursuit of emotional resonance that meaning is greater than form,which highlights the honest and unconstrained personality characteristics of northern Shaanxi people.(3)Based on the above research,further emphasize the historical value and cultural value contained in the residential buildings in northern Shaanxi,and put forward corresponding protection suggestions and development measures for the practical problems faced by the residential buildings,so as to provide theoretical reference and reference for the future research of residential buildings in northern Shaanxi.Based on the above research,this paper further emphasizes the historical and cultural values contained in residential buildings in northern Shaanxi,and puts forward corresponding protection measures and development suggestions for the practical problems faced by residential buildings.Taking the protection of architectural authenticity as the ultimate goal,this paper puts forward comprehensive development considerations from the surrounding environment,materials,structure,layout and art of the building,and puts forward specific measures from the inheritance and innovation of the people,the government and the process,which provides theoretical reference and reference for the future research of residential buildings in northern Shaanxi.