A Study On The Spatial Form Of Jinan's Prefecture City In The Ming And Qing Dynasties From The Perspective Of Mountains And River

Jinan,as the capital of Shandong Province since the Ming Dynasty,is a city with a long history and culture.Due to its multiple spring veins and abundant spring water,the city is also known as the "Spring City".According to historical records,"Jinan Fucheng"(abbreviated as Licheng)has a history of over 2000 years and is one of the earliest ancient cities established in Chinese history.The ancient city of Jinan was a capital during the Qin Dynasty and has never been relocated for over two thousand years.With the continuous changes in the status of the cities,its urban scope has become larger and its political,cultural,and economic status has become higher.During the Ming Dynasty,it was established as a capital,ensuring the stable inheritance of the political status and form of the ancient city of Jinan to this day.The article takes the Jinan Fucheng during the Ming and Qing dynasties as the research object,studying the restrictive relationship between landscape factors and the form of the ancient city,examining the numerical relationship between the landscape environment within the ancient city area and the orientation,site selection,and form of the ancient city,as well as the alignment and landscaping relationship between the landscape and the internal spatial texture of the ancient city.Through the analysis and research of its morphological elements,following the construction rules of many cities in China,we strive to find the internal reasons and external laws for the long-term existence of Jinan’s capital city.The research object of this thesis is the official city of Jinan in the Ming and Qing dynasties,focusing on Urban morphology,with historical and cultural changes as the clue.By means of historical data analysis,spatial analysis,map translation and other methods,this thesis explores the causes of formation of Jinan Fucheng in the Ming and Qing dynasties,such as the city outline pattern,landscape pattern,street pattern,axis pattern,and its internal space elements,summarizes the historical laws of the formation and development of the ancient city,and explores the historical characteristics and cultural values of the ancient city space.In terms of time,it mainly focuses on the Ming and Qing dynasties,supplemented by information from the pre Ming and Republican periods,to sort out and summarize the entire historical development of the ancient city.The full text is mainly divided into three main parts:Firstly,considering the limiting factors of landscape.Summarize the limiting factors of landscape in ancient Chinese urban design,including the orientation,axis,scale,landscape,and spatial composition of architectural groups between the landscape pattern and ancient cities.Overview of Jinan’s landscape environment,changes in historical control scope,and evolution of landscape and ancient city spatial form,serving as the research background for the spatial form of Jinan’s official city during the Ming and Qing dynasties.Secondly,considering the external landscape environment and the shape of the ancient city,analyze the landscape pattern,urban outline pattern,and axis orientation of Jinan during the Ming and Qing dynasties.The shape of mountains and rivers is closely related to the spatial scale control of Jinan’s capital during the Ming and Qing dynasties.The numerical scale relationship between the ancient city of Jinan(Licheng)and the surrounding mountains and rivers,the orientation relationship between mountains and rivers to determine the city,and the mesoscale relationship between the axis,scale,and modulus of the Shanshui city,as well as the spatial form relationship between the shape of mountains and rivers and the Ming and Qing dynasties’ Jinan city,are constructed.Study the relationship between the specific form of the ancient city of Jinan and its landscape environment,as well as the impact of historical landscapes,typical events,city gate orientation,and spring water system factors on the evolution of the specific form of the ancient city.Furthermore,considering the impact of landscape environment on urban interior,summarizing the characteristics of various elements and restoring them on historical maps,reshaping the spatial form of Jinan’s Fucheng during the Ming and Qing dynasties,considering the micro spatial aspects of landscape factors and ancient city construction,and considering the layout of streets and alleys within the ancient city influenced by landscape pattern The landscape connection between ritual architecture and landscape environment,as well as the relationship between the spring space of "every household has spring water,every household has weeping willows" and the courtyard space inside the ancient city.The protection and inheritance of the historical landscape pattern in Jinan.Thinking about the protection and inheritance of the architecture of Shanshui City based on the current situation of contemporary issues in historical and cultural space.Finally,a comparative analysis will be conducted between the Ming and Qing dynasties’ Jinan city and the current urban space,summarizing the protection policies for the historical landscape space of Jinan.Based on the landscape city structure summarized in the article,combined with future urban renewal,a reference historical landscape city structure will be provided for the development of the spatial structure of Jinan’s ancient city.