Research On Decorative Art On The Tent-shaped Niche Of The Mogao Grottoes In Dunhuang During The Reign Of Tubo

Buddha shrine is an important spatial component of cave architectural art,which expresses Buddhist themes and architectural space decorative art in the form of "small branch caves",it gradually becomes the focus of cave’s visual appeal and the core of cave art with the development of Buddhism.Cave temples have lasted for more than 2,000 years,preserving a large number of Buddhist shrine buildings and decorative arts of different eras,types and styles.They are important physical materials that highlight Buddhist architectural art and spatial structure.Influenced by Buddhist art,regional space,aesthetic concepts,architectural elements and construction techniques,the cave shrines present a variety of coexistence,rich decorative arts,distinctive structural features,and diverse types and artistic styles of architectural elements.This study combines with the literature to divide them into 4categories,11 subcategories,and 16 forms,including couponarched pillar Buddhist niches,colonnaded flat roofed niches,square mouth niches and mixed niches,to explain the origin,derivation,development and continuous innovation of Buddhist niche architectural forms from the aspects of architectural shape,space decorative art and functional needs,as well as the transmutation characteristics of multicultural penetration and integration and innovation of Buddhist shrine architectural art.The roof tent-shaped niche is one of the main Buddha niches in Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes during the reign of Tubo,and the architectural shape and decorative style of the Buddha niche are influenced by the Tubo cultural thought,resulting in distinctive national characteristics that offer valuable insights into architectural decorative art during this era.This paper provides a systematic analysis of the architectural shape and decorative art characteristics of the roof tent niche,focusing on factors such as the number of eras,building types,composition relationships,combination methods,ornamental patterns,color matching and etc.,reveals the fundamental pattern of the architectural shape of the Buddhist niche in this period and the stylized decorative art layout,which are characterized by the combination of decorative arts and the replacement of different patterns representing national characteristics,particularly in caves such as 200,361,and other Buddhist shrines that have distinct Tibetan styles and rich pattern elements with flexible pattern combinations.The study underscores the influence of the infiltration and integration of national culture on the art style of Dunhuang caves during the Tubo reign,and is of great significance to the study of Dunhuang cave art and architectural decoration in the Tubo period.The thesis research is divided into the following partsPart I: Field investigation of the architectural shape and decorative art of the Buddhist niche in Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes.Through a combination of historical research and field investigation,first-hand data is obtained,and the representative Buddha niche and decorative art of Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes such as round arch niches,house-shaped niches,square niches,open niches,and roof tent-shaped niches are investigated to explore the shape characteristics of cave Buddha niches since their emergence and the transmutation laws and characteristics of decorative art,and the development context of decorative art of Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes Buddha niches is clarified.Then,starting from the aspects of spatial layout,decorative style and element characteristics of Buddhist niches,the spatial layout,regional division of decorative art,pattern types and content,smudging laws and characteristics of Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes during the Tubo reign are systematically investigated.Part II: Artistic characteristics of the tent-shaped niche in the Mogao Grottoes of Dunhuang during the reign of Tubo.Based on the research methods of statistics and typology,the field investigation and on-site mapping of the roof tent-shaped niche of Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes during the reign of Tubo were carried out,and the characteristics of spatial shape and decorative art were summarized and classified.explore the architectural characteristics,spatial composition and development context of the roof tent-shaped niche during the Tubo reign;Starting from the four aspects of composition characteristics,decorative elements,decorative layout and composition proportion,the regular characteristics of decoration in the top,four drapes,walls and altars of Buddha shrines are summarized.On this basis,starting from the main decorative elements of Buddhist niches such as animal patterns,plant patterns,celestial patterns,and geometric patterns,we focus on extracting elements and verifying the source for the same characteristics,and analyze the artistic style characteristics such as cultural characteristics,artistic techniques and blending characteristics.Part III: A Study on the Influence of Decorative Art on the Tent-shaped Niche of the Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang during the Tubo Reign.By comparing the decorative art characteristics of cave shrines in China from the Southern and Northern Dynasties to the Ming and Qing dynasties,the development and evolution characteristics and influence of the roof tent-shaped niche were explored from the aspects of the composition ratio relationship,decorative proportion relationship and spatial decoration scale of the Buddha niches.From the perspective of the combination of historical elements,the color blending relationship,iteration relationship and color matching method of the decoration of the roof tent-shaped niche are studied.Through the above research,the Dunhuang Mogao Caves tent-shaped niche during the reign of Tubo is further compared with the Buddha niches,Buddhist tents and related architectural examples in existing Buddhist architecture,and the development and inheritance of the roof tent-shaped niche decoration in this period are studied from the perspectives of history,religion and architectural art.Part IV: Application of decorative art design of tent-shaped niche in Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes during the reign of Tubo.Through the overall layout of the decorative space,the source of the decorative pattern,and the refinement and induction of the color spectrum of the Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes during the reign of Tubo,a complete space decoration system was constructed.Then,the computer software is used to construct three-dimensional models,restore decorative patterns,and simulate the roof tent-shaped niche during the reign of Tubo in Mogao Caves,so as to achieve the purpose of improving the cultural inheritance system of modern Buddhist niches,and also provide sufficient design basis for the design of modern antique buildings,Chinese-style interior and exterior environment design,and Chinese-style home decoration design.