The Energy Transition Of The Nordic Countries And Its Enlightenment To China

Energy has provided the driving force for the rapid development of human economy and society.However,the continuous and uncontrolled utilization has produced global problems such as the shortage of global energy resources and serious damage to the environment and climate.The international community has paid more and more attention to increasing energy governance schemes to solve various contradictions in the process of human energy utilization.In this context,promoting the transformation of national energy system to renewable energy based energy system has become the energy development strategy of many countries.Norway,Sweden,Finland,Denmark and Iceland,the five Nordic countries,are located in the high latitudes near the Arctic Circle in the northern hemisphere.The winter is long and cold,and the demand for heating energy is huge.At the same time,as a global developed economy,they have high-energy consumption industry and high consumption level,resulting in the Nordic countries’ per capita energy consumption ranking among the top in the world,Safeguarding the security of energy supply is of great significance to national economic and social development.Since the 1970 s,the contradiction between the shortage of traditional fossil energy resources,fragile ecological environment and large energy consumption in Nordic countries has become increasingly prominent.The current situation of energy use and fossil pollution in Nordic countries has brought severe challenges to global economic development and environmental security.In order to solve the dilemma of energy security,the Nordic countries adhere to the concept of sustainable development,rely on a good foundation of regional cooperation and advanced low-carbon energy technology,develop renewable energy in the region according to local conditions,and work together to promote the comprehensive transformation of the energy system to an energy system dominated by renewable energy.The fundamental purpose of Nordic countries’ energy transformation is to comprehensively maintain national energy security,including ensuring energy supply security,energy price competitiveness and realizing the balance of energy consumption structure.At present,the Nordic countries’ global energy transformation index ranks among the top in the world,and put forward a specific timetable for achieving carbon neutrality,committed to taking the lead in building the world’s first fossil energy free region.The Nordic countries,led by the government and closely coordinated by the business community and the scientific,technological and educational community,have made the objectives and ideas of energy transformation run through the whole process of social development,formed a good policy environment for the whole society to support energy transformation,and gathered the joint forces to promote national energy transformation,making the Nordic countries in the forefront of energy transformation in the world,Become the innovator and testing ground of various new energy technologies.This paper holds that the practice of energy transformation in Nordic countries enriches the theoretical connotation and feasible schemes of energy transformation,and provides important ideas for global energy governance and Climate Governance.The energy transformation experience and ideas of the Nordic countries were born in the specific geographical environment and historical conditions.Their successful experience fully proves that in countries with shortage of traditional oil and gas resources,national energy security can be enhanced through energy transformation.Under the important task of realizing the "double carbon goal",China is facing an arduous task of energy transformation.The policy experience of northern Europe in energy transformation,such as leading by advanced ideas and forming a joint force of the whole society,has far-reaching reference significance for China’s energy transformation.The structure of this paper is divided into three parts.The first part is the introduction,which introduces the research significance and research ideas of this paper.The second part consists of five chapters.The first chapter discusses the meaning and characteristics of energy transformation,and puts forward that energy transformation is an important measure to maintain national energy security;The second,third and fourth chapters respectively discuss the background,current situation,realization path and effective experience of energy transformation in Nordic countries;The fifth chapter puts forward several important contents that China can learn from northern Europe when promoting national energy transformation.The third part summarizes the main points of this paper and puts forward the future research direction.