Research On The Evaluation, Protection And Utilization Of Wildness Of Mountainous Wildness In Mountainous Citie

With the development of construction in multi-mountainous cities,urban land has gradually expanded.As a natural habitat embedded in the built environment during this expansion,the wildness of urban remnant mountains plays an important role in ecology,culture,recreation,and other aspects.Although some scholars have discussed the concept definition and functional characteristics of urban wildness,few reports have investigated the quantitative evaluation of urban wildness and its influencing factors.This study specifically focused on the wild nature of urban remnant mountains in karst areas.We selected 120 mountains as samples,and utilized the Delphi method,linear weighted summation,and natural break method to comprehensively evaluate and grade their wildness.Additionally,we analyzed the influencing factors and the importance of the impact using Pearson correlation analysis and a random forest regression model.Finally,we proposed relevant protection strategies,providing a scientific basis for the rational development and utilization of urban remnant mountains in multimountainous cities.The results of our study are as follows:(1)Four natural attribute indicators and five artificial attribute indicators were selected through Delphi method to construct an indicator layer.Analytic hierarchy process was used to determine that the natural attribute indicator with the highest weight value is the proportion of natural green spaces(0.19),while the smallest is the proportion of natural bare land(0.07).The artificial attribute indicator with the highest weight value is the proportion of artificial constructions(0.10),while the smallest is the proportion of semi-natural and semi-artificial facilities(0.07).Using natural break method,the distribution of urban remnant mountain wildness in the research area was classified into four levels: low,moderate,high,and highest.The average wild value of all sample mountains is 0.263.The urban remnant mountain wilderness with the highest proportion is in the high level,while the one with the lowest proportion is in the moderate level.The distribution pattern of urban remnant mountain wilderness in the research area is influenced by urban development planning,showing a trend of low in the north and south and high in the central part.(2)Analyzed the impact of 7 internal influencing factors and 11 external influencing factors on the urban remnant mountain wildness.Using Pearson correlation analysis,investigated the correlation between wildness and each influencing factor,and established an optimized random forest model through parameter adjustment to calculate the proportion of each factor’s importance.The research found that the green space ratio within a 500 m buffer zone had the greatest impact on the wildness of urban remnant mountains,while the impact of mountain management level was the smallest.(3)The protection strategies for the urban remnant mountains were put forward: for the low-wild mountains,appropriate protection measures should be taken,and the mountains with serious vegetation damage should be restored to form a stable plant community structure;For moderate wild mountains,small mountain parks can be properly developed for recreation of surrounding residents,but the intensity of development needs to be controlled.Large-scale destruction of native vegetation and excavation of mountains should be prohibited,and biomass materials should be used as recreation facilities as much as possible;For the other mountains that have been developed or built into mountain parks,the disturbance and damage to other natural habitats in the park should be minimized;For mountains with high wildness and highest wildness,the development of mountains should be prohibited,and protection measures should be strengthened.If necessary,additional enclosure facilities can be added at the bottom of the mountains to protect ecological stability.In addition to the management of the government and relevant institutions,it is also important to form a public participation protection and management system.The evaluation system of the wildness of the urban remnant mountains and the analysis method of the influencing factors constructed in this study are applicable to other karst areas.The research results will provide important guidance for the protection of the urban remnant mountain wildness,green space system of multi-mountain cities,and land space planning.