Research On Optimization Strategy Of Landscape Design In Nanjing Green Expo Park Based On Recreation Opportunity Spectrum Theory

Urban parks have become the first choice for leisure travel due to COVID-19.However,with the increasing number of tourists and diversified recreation needs,urban parks are faced with many problems,such as the deterioration of recreation environment,the disconnection between activity and recreation space supply,and the decline of recreation experience quality.As a mature and widely used theory,recreation opportunity spectrum theory can help to explore the internal regular among environmental resources,recreation activities and park management,so as to solve the contradictions between environment and activities.It has guiding significance and application value for improving the quality of tourists’ recreation experience,establishing the sustainable development method of parks,and putting forward the optimization strategy of park landscape design.Based on the recreation opportunity spectrum theory,this study takes Nanjing Green Expo Park as the research object.With the method of literature research,field research,questionnaire survey and multivariate statistical analyze to investigate and analyze the characteristics of recreation environment and tourist behavior.Based on the results,building the recreation environment indicators system,dividing the recreation opportunity type and setting quantitative standards.Then building the recreation opportunity spectrum of Nanjing Green Expo Park,and putting forward the landscape optimization strategies according to the problems existing in the park.The main research contents and conclusions are as follows:(1)According to the field investigation and analysis of the recreation environment(natural environment,social environment and management environment)of the park,it can be summarized that the park has a good natural environment base,Recreational attractions are abundant,but recreational facilities are relatively single and old.The management mode is mainly manual management,and some areas’ management and maintenance are insufficient,so there is a large space for optimization.(2)According to the observation record and questionnaire survey of the tourists’ behavior in Nanjing Green Expo Park,it can be seen that the recreational activities in the park can be divided into three categories: communication activity,sports activity and leisure activity.In terms of the spatial and temporal characteristics of tourists’ usage,the number of tourists in spring and summer is significantly higher than that in autumn and winter.The use density of nodal-type and path-type recreational space is relatively lower than that of area-type recreational space.The low-density space is dominated by leisure activities such as sitting and sightseeing,while the high-density space is dominated by sports and communication activities.The tourists in the park are mainly local residents.The main recreational motives are contacting with nature and accompanying relatives and friends.(3)This research constructs the index system of environmental factors for recreation in Nanjing Green Expo Park.The first-level index is natural environment,social environment and management environment.The four factors obtained from the secondary-level index are the characteristics of natural environment,the characteristics of human environment,the quality of recreational activities and the management conditions.The third-level indicators are 13 physical environmental variables,6 social environmental variables and 9 management environmental variables with high reliability and validity selected by literature review and tourists.(4)This research constructs a scoring system for recreation opportunities in Nanjing Green Expo Park.With the method of developing the scoring model and the scoring standard of the environmental factors,calculating the weight of each factor by SPSS,and the recreational space in the park is scored by means of instrument measurement,field measurement and photo scoring.(5)This research constructs a grading standard and recreation opportunity spectrum of Nanjing Green Expo Park.This grading standard divides the recreation opportunity into five categories: grade Ⅰ(most appropriate recreation area),grade Ⅱ(more appropriate recreation area),grade Ⅲ(moderate appropriate recreation area),grade Ⅳ(lower appropriate recreation area)and grade Ⅴ(lowest appropriate recreation area),each level corresponds to different score range.There are 2 grade Ⅰ,8 grade Ⅱ,5 grade Ⅲ and 1 gradeⅣ recreation area.Meanwhile,checking the activity types suitable for each area,superposing the recreation opportunity level and activity types to obtain the recreation opportunity spectrum and its spatial distribution map.The results are applied to provide the Green Expo Park activity guide and tour route recommendation for different groups.(6)This research checks the existing problems of Nanjing Green Expo Park and puts forward landscape optimization strategies.By comparing the ideal score of recreation opportunity spectrum with the actual score,finding out the problems in natural environment,social environment and management environment in the park,and putting forward specific landscape optimization design strategies according to the existing problems.