Evaluation Of Community Public Service Facilities In Low-Income Communities Based On The Perspective Of Spatial Deprivation

The public service facilities of community life circle are the basic guarantee of residents ’life,and their rational allocation determines the quality of residents ’ life.Since the beginning of the 21 st century,the allocation of public service facilities has shifted from efficiency-oriented to social equity,and its research direction has gradually shifted from ’ land equity ’ to ’ human equity ’,from urban and community public service facilities.The research has gradually shifted to the focus on vulnerable groups.At this point,examining the fairness of facilities from the perspective of society and population differences has become the mainstream of research.Under the reconstruction of urban material space,the residents of low-income groups are forced to be marginalized due to their own economic conditions.Their dependence on public service facilities is significantly higher than that of other groups.Therefore,the problems of "insufficient facilities," " social exclusion," " deprivation " and " social integration " in some low-income settlements such as affordable housing,urban villages and resettlement areas have aroused widespread concern of relevant government departments and sociologists.Therefore,it is imperative to carry out research on the allocation of community public service facilities in low-income settlements.Basic security public service facilities have become an important indicator to measure the living quality of low-income groups and the fair distribution of social resources due to their own public welfare,non-exclusion,and service radius dependence,which directly affects the social fairness of low-income groups.Based on this,this paper constructs a spatial identification system for low-income groups,and then constructs a resource space deprivation and emotional space deprivation evaluation system by measuring the spatial accessibility,opportunity availability,service availability,supply and demand sharing,residential satisfaction and residential willingness of facilities.Using kernel density,shortest distance method,network analysis method,two-step mobile search method and other methods to complete the evaluation of resource space deprivation of distance,quantity,coverage and supply and demand matching of public service facilities;questionnaire survey and in-depth interview were used to complete the evaluation of emotional space deprivation.Finally,taking the main urban area of Jinan as the research case,taking the basic security public service facilities in the living circle of lowincome groups as the research object,a total of three aspects were studied :First of all,this paper identifies low-income settlements.For the data of urban villages,indemnificatory housing and resettlement housing with clear spatial location,the spatial location is carried out.For the data that cannot be clearly defined,the low-income settlements are identified through social characteristics and housing affordability.From the identification results,the low-income settlements show obvious spatial distribution characteristics of location marginalization,spatial agglomeration,dense west and sparse east,dense north and sparse south,and are mainly concentrated along the Jiaoji Railway and Xiaoqing River.Then,based on the information of social characteristics and housing attributes of low-income groups in Jinan,the low-income settlements are divided into five types : social security,migrant workers,new immigrants,middle-aged and elderly unemployed and mixed through factor ecological analysis.Secondly,through the spatial location of community public service facilities in the main urban area of Jinan,this paper finds that the facilities are unbalanced in supply and the spatial unfairness is prominent.The low-income group settlements are at a disadvantage in the spatial layout of public service facilities,and there is a phenomenon of spatial deprivation.Based on this,the spatial deprivation evaluation is carried out : First,the multi-dimensional resource spatial deprivation evaluation of spatial accessibility,opportunity availability,service availability,and supply and demand sharing is carried out.From the results : 1 The spatial deprivation of public service facilities shows the characteristics of increasing from the center to the edge,especially the absolute deprivation of transportation and pension facilities.In addition,the deprivation of low-income groups along the Jiaoji Railway is lower than the average level of the whole city,which is relatively good.The deprivation of public service facilities in the marginal area is higher than the average level of the main urban area,and it is in a relative deprivation situation,especially the relative deprivation of pension and environmental facilities.Secondly,using questionnaires and in-depth interviews to evaluate emotional space deprivation,from the results : low-income groups have the lowest satisfaction with pension,environment and cultural and sports facilities,and show a lower sense of community belonging and willingness to live.Third,explore the spatial deprivation characteristics of different types of low-income settlements.From the results,the supply of new immigrant facilities is relatively fair,and the satisfaction of facilities is the highest.The overall supply capacity of migrant workers ’ facilities is relatively good,but the satisfaction of facilities is the lowest,showing the demand for low education threshold,high service level and multi-resource quantity.The supply of middle-aged and elderly unemployed facilities is relatively deprived,and the gap with the average level of the main urban area is large.The overall supply capacity of social security facilities is relatively good.There are more middle-aged and elderly groups in these two types of settlements,both of which are characterized by high demand for old-age care and environmental facilities.Fourth,based on the comprehensive identification of multidimensional deprivation of various facilities,the low-income group settlements are divided into five categories : service saturation,balanced development,sustainable development,lagging development and service blind spots.Finally,on the basis of summarizing the problems of community public service facilities in low-income groups,it is found that the problem of facility space deprivation is related to backward government supervision,land development policy,urban planning,market profitseeking and personal choice.In this regard,the facility optimization measures are discussed from three aspects : facility planning,facility layout and government management : First,facility planning has shifted from " efficiency guidance and control " to " social equity." Through the transformation of investment ideas,guide the direction of public welfare investment;advocate multi-center city structure,advocate the mixed layout of various functional spaces and fair allocation of facilities;rationally guide the rational layout of low-income settlements and explore mixed living patterns.Secondly,the layout of facilities has changed from ’ equal treatment ’ to ’ different people ’.By improving the overall supply capacity of facilities,excavating the incremental increase of stock,and carrying out the differential supply of different types of low-income settlements and the differential supply of corresponding types of public service facilities,we will improve the old-age care,environmental facilities supply capacity and aging-appropriate construction in social security and middle-aged and elderly low-income settlements.Optimize the quality of culture and sports,education facilities and services in new immigrant low-income settlements,and improve social participation;reduce the education threshold of migrant workers ’ settlements and optimize medical security capabilities to meet the different needs of different residents.Thirdly,government management has shifted from "exclusionary growth " to " equitable development." Improve management ideas,strengthen control,and establish a public participation mechanism.