| The Urban Residential Area Planning and Design Standard(GB50180-2018)(hereinafter referred to as the "new NATIONAL Standard")has been formally promulgated and implemented since December 2018.For the first time,the concept of "living circle" has been put forward at the level of national standard and regarded as the core object of residential area planning and facility configuration.On this basis,this paper takes the new version of the national standard as a reference,aiming at the level of 15-minute living circle,carries out research from three aspects: spatial zoning method of living circle,performance evaluation of public service facilities and index optimization.15-minute Living Circle is an area of daily activities in the space of reflection,to the carrier for the space city configuration of the basic public service facilities,and can realize accurate allocation of public resources,city level to deal with the current residents of diversified needs,build green low carbon way of life,improve the quality of urban space and the degree of community livability.It is one of the key issues in current residential planning to study the practical exploration of zoning the real space of the residential area from the perspective of planning and the allocation index of public service facilities matching the scale of the residential area.In view of this,this paper takes Xi ’an city as an example and takes the 15-minute living circle residential area as the research object.The research scope is the third-ring city of Xi ’an,which has relatively dense residential areas and relatively complete infrastructure construction.Based on the research requirements of spatio-temporal visualization,the data that can be accurately located in geographic space is selected.With the help of GIS spatial analysis tool,49 residential areas are randomly selected as samples,and the 15-minute residential area land and population size with its main entrances and exits as the center are divided.And select the appropriate indicators to the life circle public service facility performance overall evaluation,summary and analysis of the current situation.Then,based on the results of performance evaluation,it explores the optimization of the allocation index of public service facilities in the life circle under the framework of the new national standard.The specific research contents are as follows:Firstly,combed the life circle theory and policy development and its related research and practice of public service facilities configuration index,clarify the space scale characteristics of the life circle residential area,sums up the different levels of the life circle of residential area and public service facilities,the matching relation between for further study of xi ’an life circle public service facilities allocation to provide theoretical basis and method.Secondly,this paper takes the third Ring Road of Xi ’an city as an example to conduct empirical research.Based on the principles of accurate positioning and visualization,basic data such as POI,pedestrian path planning and mobile phone signaling were selected.Using Arc GIS spatial analysis tool,the study area was covered with a 2km*2km cell network demarcated,49 sample residential areas of residential area scale were objectively and randomly selected,and the living circle of the sample was divided from the two dimensions of land use scale and population scale with the help of Baidu map API and mobile phone signaling data.The life circle regionalization under the framework of the new national standard is further studied by text analysis and experimental model establishment.Two different zoning methods are compared,and it is believed that the zoning of the living circle from the two dimensions of land use and population can better reflect the real activity space of residents and accurately allocate all kinds of public service facilities.Thirdly,A performance evaluation framework for the allocation of public service facilities in the life circle has been constructed,from two aspects: spatial layout and use subject selected the five indicators,with life circle as the space carrier,evaluate the performance of the eight class facilities,and USES the entropy value method gives index weight,finally respectively measure sample life circle and experimental model under the framework of the new national standard life overall performance rating.By comparing the two,it is found that the overall performance value of 49 sample life circles is low,and it is concluded that there are the following problems in evaluating the configuration of grassroots public service facilities in Xi ’an by taking life circles as the space carrier:(1)The total construction amount of facilities is insufficient,especially the serious lack of leisure,cultural,sports and old-age care facilities.(2)The centralized distribution of facilities makes it difficult to meet the differentiated needs of residents.(3)The present situation "residence-service" space does not match.(4)Low level of facilities and services,space coverage and per capita enjoy insufficient.The reasons are as follows: first,there was a lack of consideration on "residence-service" space matching in the previous planning and construction;Second,the current indicators lack quantitative guidance content,and the indicators of facility allocation need to be optimized.Finally,by calculating the relevant indexes of the experimental model life circle,the interval value of the population size of Xi ’an life circle under the framework of the new national standard is revised,and the recommended value is 41000-83,000.Based on the current national and local standard system,the allocation index of public service facilities in Xi ’an living circle is further quantified.The typical samples were selected and the quantitative indicators were verified by the service area analysis method.Finally,Suggestions on optimizing the allocation indicators of public service facilities matching the living area land and population size were put forward from both qualitative and quantitative aspects.This paper systematically studies the allocation of urban grassroots public service facilities with the living circle as the space carrier,and puts forward the quantitative indicators and optimization suggestions of public service facilities allocation in the residential area of 15 minutes living circle in Xi’an City,hoping to provide certain reference for the current urban residential renewal work and the practical application of the new national standard in Xi’an city. |
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