| With the rapid development of urbanization,urban environmental problems and fast-paced working conditions have posed great challenges to people’s physical and mental health.Therefore,the construction of healthy cities and the creation of restorative environments are gradually receiving attention.As an important urban restorative environment,urban parks have become a hot spot for research,At the same time,as an important part of the urban environment,soundscape is gradually gaining attention for its restorative effects.Pocket parks are miniature urban parks embedded in the periphery of buildings and have been explored by scholars for their restorative visual landscape,while less researches and practices have been conducted on the restorative soundscape.Office pocket parks are miniature parks located in office areas or embedded between office buildings,closely connected to the high-intensity working office population,and assume the social responsibility of providing a restorative environment.How to use soundscapes to enhance the restorative nature of office pocket parks and optimize the urban environment is an important issue that needs to be addressed.Therefore,this study analyses the soundscape characteristics and restorative properties of office pocket parks,and explores the influence of sound elements,spatial enclosure and bottom interface characteristics on the restorative properties of soundscapes through experiments.On this basis,the water soundscape with good restorability is selected to explore the influence of the water sound signal-to-noise ratio on the restorability of the soundscape under the influence of traffic noise,and to explore the preliminary method of dividing the restorative sound zone of the water soundscape.This study proposes a strategy to improve the restorative soundscape of office pocket parks and verifies its feasibility,providing reference and guidance for the design and creation of urban restorative environments.Firstly,the visual environments characteristics such as spatial interface and landscape elements of typical office pocket parks were investigated,acoustic environment parameters such as sound pressure level and reverberation time were measured,the composition of environmental sound elements was counted,and the current status of soundscape restoration in typical spaces was analyzed.It was found that the soundscape recovery of typical office pocket parks was low and vulnerable to the influence of visual and acoustic environments.Next,the questionnaire research found that office workers generally have a restorative need for stress and fatigue relief.Based on the spatial,landscape and soundscape characteristics of the office pocket park,a scenario model was developed and the restorative effects of typical soundscape elements were experimentally assessed.It was found that birdsong and fountain sounds had a significant positive restorative effect,while traffic sound and air conditioning equipment sound had a significant negative restorative effect.The effects of spatial enclosure and interface characteristics on soundscape restoration were further analyzed.The results showed that spatial enclosure didn’t correlate significantly with sounds with positive restorative evaluation such as birdsong,while it showed a significant negative correlation with sounds negative restorative evaluation such as air conditioning,and an increase in spatial enclosure further increased the level of noise disturbance.The three bottom interface characteristics of green,water and hard surfaces only had a significant effect on the coherence dimension of fountain sound recovery,with significant differences in soundscape recovery between spatial interfaces with and without water features.Then,Cadna/A software was used to simulate the distribution of traffic noise in office pocket parks with different degrees of enclosure and opening directions,to establish an experimental model of office pocket park soundscape,and to investigate the influence of signalto-noise ratio of water sound and traffic noise on the recovery of soundscape.The results showed that the soundscape recovery was best at a signal-to-noise ratio of-5 d B for water sound under50 d B traffic noise;at 60 d B traffic noise,the recovery was higher at signal-to-noise ratios of-5 d B,0 d B and 5 d B,with no significant difference;at 70 d B traffic noise,the recovery was better at signal-to-noise ratios of 0 d B and 5 d B.Based on the above findings,the water soundscape recovery zone of the office pocket park was divided into water sound dominant zone,recovery significant zone and traffic sound dominant zone,and it was found that the smallest water soundscape recovery zone could be formed when the sound pressure level size of water sound was comparable to that of traffic noise.Finally,based on the findings of the study,an evidence-based design concept was proposed to optimize the design strategy of office pocket park soundscape restoration in terms of soundscape element design and spatial landscape design,and the optimized design was carried out on a typical office pocket park case.It was found that the optimized pocket park soundscape restoration effect is significantly improved,which proved the feasibility and effectiveness of the optimization strategy proposed in the thesis.This study expands the scope of urban soundscape research and promotes the development of soundscape restorative theory.At the same time,it provides a reference for the design of urban space soundscape based on restorative enhancement and contributes to the restorative enhancement of the urban environment and healthy city construction. |
