Research On Blockchain-based Authentication Schemes For VANET

In recent years,with the significant increase in vehicle ownership and the largescale construction of vehicle-to-vehicle communication infrastructure,Vehicle-to-Vehicle Networks(VANETs)have rapidly developed and been deployed.VANET is a mobile ad hoc network aimed at ensuring efficient and safe vehicle travel,effectively reducing traffic accidents.However,in practical applications,VANET faces numerous security threats.On the one hand,due to the open channels and exposed external interfaces,VANET is vulnerable to various types of external attacks,hindering data sharing within VANET and causing serious losses.Moreover,the high mobility and rapid changes in network topology require VANET authentication schemes to have high performance.On the other hand,with the globalization of the supply chain,vehicle sensor sources are uncertain,and attackers can implant viruses in vehicle sensors in advance to launch internal attacks on VANET,indirectly impacting the quality of VANET services.Although the traditional vehicle sensor supply chain can provide relevant process and product information from production to sales,this information is susceptible to attacks such as eavesdropping,tampering,and interception.Furthermore,business information related to sensors reveals the interests between enterprises or organizations,and such information is often considered enterprise-level privacy.In this paper,we conduct research on blockchain-based authentication schemes for VANET and blockchain-based authentication schemes for vehicle sensor supply chains,and further design a traceability system applicable to the second-hand vehicle sensor supply chain.The main contents and contributions of this research are as follows:(1)To counter various types of external attacks,this paper proposes a Vehicleto-Vehicle Networks(VANET)authentication scheme based on blockchain and selfupdating hash chains(SHBS).Firstly,the design of the SHBS scheme adopts a decentralized system model based on blockchain,providing functions such as authentication data ledger backup and RSU fault tolerance.Secondly,considering the uncertainty of high-speed vehicle mobility,to reduce network computing resource waste caused by frequent vehicle-to-base station switching,the SHBS scheme provides a switching authentication method based on self-updating hash chains,improving system robustness.Finally,to provide an effective conditional privacy protection mechanism,the SHBS scheme offers anonymization functionality and a vehicle revocation phase,as well as designed effective encryption operations to resist linkage attacks.Theoretical derivation and simulation experiments demonstrate that the SHBS scheme can withstand most attacks,provide conditional privacy protection,and possess good security and robustness.Security comparison,performance comparison,and simulation experimental results show that the SHBS scheme has higher computational efficiency,superior security attributes,and lower communication overhead in both the initial authentication phase and the switching authentication phase,demonstrating its applicability and advancement.(2)Although the SHBS scheme can effectively resist external attacks,extensive research indicates that attacks originating from within the system are often more detrimental.To counter internal attacks initiated by vehicle sensors,this paper proposes a blockchain and Chebyshev chaotic map-based authentication scheme(PRBS)for RFID systems in the vehicle sensor supply chain.Firstly,PRBS deploys multiple blockchains in the vehicle sensor supply chain to achieve privacy protection among different nodes.Secondly,the PRBS scheme utilizes the semigroup property of Chebyshev polynomials to establish a key negotiation process between the supply chain and tags,providing superior security attributes compared to existing schemes.Finally,to address the issue of potential privacy leakage of supply chain node due to business data from certain tags,effective encryption methods are employed in the design of the PRBS scheme to provide privacy protection.Theoretical derivation and simulation experiments demonstrate that the PRBS scheme can withstand most attacks and provide effective privacy protection,exhibiting good security and robustness.Security comparison,performance comparison,and simulation experimental results demonstrate that the SHBS scheme achieves and satisfies more security attributes and functionalities at a lower performance cost.(3)To achieve more comprehensive identification of vehicle sensors,this paper designs and implements a complete blockchain-based traceability system for secondhand vehicle sensor supply chains,called PRBS-S.Firstly,the system requirements of PRBS-S are analyzed in detail,including role requirements,system processes,and functional requirements.Secondly,the design of the system model based on the Hyperledger Fabric platform is proposed,covering the overall architecture,data storage,business modules,and smart contracts.This paper elaborates on and demonstrates the implementation of the PRBS-S system,including page designs and system operation processes related to functions such as user login,transaction information upload,and information traceability.The interaction between nodes and on-chain data is achieved through carefully designed smart contracts.Finally,a detailed functional test is conducted on the PRBS-S system,demonstrating its usability.