| The Yellow River basin is the main ecological corridor and barrier in China,and the strategic position of ecological security is very important.with the proposal of national ecological protection and high-quality development strategy of the Yellow River basin,the pace of ecological construction has been gradually accelerated.The city is the main carrier of the high-quality development of the Yellow River basin,and the planning and development of the city plays a key role in promoting the highquality development of the Yellow River basin.Among them,Xingyang City on the south bank of the Yellow River is located at the junction of the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River,in the southeast of the Loess Plateau,the largest loess cover area in the world,and is the ecological barrier in the "Ximei" project of Zhengzhou,the capital of Henan Province.The common problems in the Yellow River basin,such as land degradation,weakening of ecosystem function,broken topography and extremely fragile ecological environment of the Loess Plateau,are typical in Xingyang City.Urban development and land degradation have brought serious ecological problems to Xingyang City.In order to explore the spatial differentiation law of land use type,ecosystem service value and ecological risk in Xingyang City,and carry out ecological zoning,the purpose of this paper is to provide a theoretical basis for regional management and ecological restoration strategies.In this paper,based on the high-precision images and socio-economic data of Xingyang City in 2000,2010 and 2020,various landforms in Xingyang City are counted and classified by small watershed classification.The spatio-temporal differentiation law of ecosystem service value was evaluated by equivalent factor method and spatial autocorrelation method,and the spatio-temporal differentiation law of ecological risk was analyzed by landscape index evaluation and spatial autocorrelation method.And through the valuerisk Z-score to build the ecological functional area,and then take the geomorphology as the geographical boundary combined with the three-dimensional Rubik’s cube spatial classification to carry out ecological zoning.Based on the discussion of the temporal and spatial changes of land use type,ecosystem service value(ESV)and ecological risk(ER),as well as the driving forces such as policy,industry and population,and combined with the results of ecological zoning,the ecological protection measures of Xingyang City are put forward,and the specific ecological optimization scheme planning and design are carried out.It is helpful to provide exact sample cases for other similar multi-geomorphic cities in the Yellow River basin to improve the delineation method of ecological areas,in order to provide a scientific and reliable basis for their ecological protection and utilization planning,and to guide the ecological improvement along the Yellow River area.implement the high-quality development strategy of the Yellow River Basin.Research shows that:(1)During the study period,six land use types have changed in varying degrees,among which the increase area of construction land is the largest,with an increase of81.38km~2,and the decrease of cultivated land is the most,which reduces 106.15km~2.The status of construction land in all land categories has been significantly improved,while the dominant position of cultivated land and grassland has decreased significantly,while the dominant position of woodland has increased slightly.(2)There are great regional differences in ecosystem service value in Xingyang City,and the high value areas are mainly in the Yellow River basin in the north of Xingyang and high vegetation cover areas such as Liuhe Town and Cuimiao Town.Among the six types of land,the service value of woodland accounts for the most,accounting for 43.34%;in individual ecosystem services,regulation services are the main,accounting for 65.56%.(3)In the past 20 years,the gap between low value and high value of ecological risk has gradually increased,and the overall ecological risk level shows a fluctuating upward trend,gradually transferring to the high risk type,and showing the distribution characteristics of "low at the east and west ends and higher in the central part from the outside to the center".Low and low ecological risk areas accounted for more than 60%in 2000 and 2010,but by 2020,low and low ecological risk areas accounted for only about 20%,and high and high risk areas accounted for more than 50%.The ecological security of Xingyang City was seriously threatened.(4)Seven ecological zones were constructed according to the spatial distribution characteristics of geomorphology,ecosystem service value and ecological risk grade in Xingyang City.they are Yellow River Ecological Reserve,Ecological Natural Restoration area,Plain Ecological upgrading area,Loess Hilly and Gully Ecological High-risk area,Loess Hilly and Gully Ecological Restoration area,Loess Hilly and Gully Ecological Coordination area and Mountain Ecological Coordination Barrier area.Different ecological zones are affected by multiple factors,and the continuity of spatial distribution is poor,so protection and restoration measures should be carried out according to the main ecological problems in different zones.(5)The ecosystem of the Yellow River Ecological Reserve has a weak ability of self-regulation and balance,and is faced with huge ecological risks,so it is necessary to focus on the establishment of ecological protection areas and the implementation of eco-environmental protection policies and the responsibility of ecological environment restoration.The natural local conditions of the ecological natural restoration area and the loess hilly and gully ecological coordination area are good,the ecosystem stability is strong,and the appropriate and rational development can be carried out to enhance the utilization rate of cultivated land,woodland and grassland.The natural background of plain ecological upgrading area,loess hilly and gully ecological restoration area and loess hilly and gully ecological high risk area is fragile,if there is no external factor intervention,it is difficult to achieve a virtuous cycle of natural ecosystem,and regional ecological management is needed.On the other hand,the development of the central urban area of the plain is further strengthened,cities and towns occupy a large number of ecological land in the disorderly development,the ecological function of cities and towns is reduced,and ecological security is also seriously threatened,so it is necessary to strictly implement environmental protection policies and increase the green area in urban areas.plan urban construction in a scientific and orderly manner. |
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