Numerical Simulation Analysis Of Class Ⅰ High-rise Residential Fire And The Optimization Research On The Setting Of Home Fire Refuge Room

With the development of the city,a large number of people enter the city,urban land is increasingly rare.In order to relieve the pressure of urban land,many high-rise buildings have been built all over the country.While high-rise buildings bring benefits,they also bring serious fire hazards.According to the Ministry of Emergency Management,4,057 high-rise building fires were reported in 2021,resulting in 168 deaths,an increase of 22.6 percent over the previous year,with high-rise residential fires accounting for more than 85 percent.There are problems with high-rise residential buildings,such as fire smoke spread fast,spread more ways,difficult to fight,evacuation difficulties and other problems.The difficulty is mainly due to the effective coverage area of the commonly used fire ladder and water cannon is less than 50 meters,and the height of effective rescue is usually less than 20 stories.Code for Fire Protection in Building Design stipulates that the residence above 54 meters is class I high-rise residence.When the trapped persons in a high-rise residence cannot be evacuated and rescued in time,temporary refuge areas are needed to delay evacuation.Since 2005,the Fire Protection Code for High-rise Civil Buildings(repealed)stipulates that high-rise buildings over 100 meters shall have a refuge floor or a refuge room,and has made detailed regulations on this.However,it was not until 2014 that the Code for Fire Prevention in Building Design stipulated that high-rise residences over 100 meters should set up a refuge floor or a refuge room,and that high-rise residences over 54 meters should set up a refuge area.However,the class I high-rise residences built before 2014 did not set up a refuge room.Based on this,this paper studies the scheme setting of class I high-rise residence refuge room.(1)This paper selects a high-rise residence as a typical research object,and studies the side and middle households of this residence by numerical simulation.In accordance with the requirements of the Code for Fire Prevention in Building Design,the rooms that may be used as refuge rooms are selected as "alternative refuge rooms".The main bathroom,secondary bathroom and study room are selected for the side rooms,and the bathroom,study room and master bedroom are selected for the middle rooms.(2)FDS is used for numerical simulation.According to the fire characteristics of high-rise residential buildings,two types of working conditions are set up,namely,facade fire and interior fire.According to the different starting points of the fire,8 groups of external fire and 9 groups of internal fire were set respectively.For facade fire,by analyzing the smoke spread condition under different working conditions and the temperature rise condition of the alternative refuge room door after the smoke enters,the maximum affected floor under the facade fire condition is obtained.The room least affected by the fire was analyzed by comparing the temperature changes of the alternate refuge room door on the most affected floor.For the internal fire,through simple analysis,it can be seen that the floor where the fire occurs must be the most affected by the fire.Therefore,in addition to the analysis of the floor where the fire occurs,it is also necessary to analyze the floor that is the most affected by the fire among the other floors.By comparing the temperature change of the door of the alternative refuge room in the floor where the fire occurs and the floor where the fire is most affected in other floors,the alternative refuge room in the floor where the fire occurs and the floor where the fire is most affected is analyzed under this working condition.Finally,the room that is least affected under various fire conditions is selected as the refuge room by synthesizing all exterior and interior fire conditions.Finally determine the secondary bathroom as the side household refuge room;The study serves as a refuge room for the middle household.(3)The design of the refuge room mainly follows the principles of applicability,economy,safety and aesthetics.This paper first analyzes the setting factors of the refuge room,and then introduces the facilities and materials needed in the refuge room.Based on the actual situation,this paper puts forward some suggestions for the family refuge room of the existing high-rise residential buildings,which can provide design reference for the transformation of the family refuge room of Class I high-rise residential buildings.Figure [68] table [12] reference [55]...