Research On Optimization Of Construction Site Allocation Of Prefabricated Components In Prefabricated Residential Buildings

Prefabricated housing is a modern construction form characterized by standardized design of prefabricated components,factory production,and prefabricated construction.It has many advantages such as short construction cycle,low environmental pollution,and low construction waste.In recent years,thanks to the introduction and support of a series of national policies,it has been widely promoted and applied in urban construction and renewal processes.However,during the project implementation process,there are prominent issues with the on-site deployment of prefabricated components in prefabricated residential buildings,such as insufficient demand planning dynamics,low efficiency in on-site deployment,and weak visualization of work,which restrict and affect the improvement of construction efficiency and the utilization of convenience advantages in prefabricated residential buildings.Therefore,it is of great theoretical value and practical significance to carry out the analysis on the on-site deployment of prefabricated residential units,and to study the dynamic demand for prefabricated units and on-site deployment methods for improving the construction efficiency of prefabricated residential units.This article takes prefabricated residential buildings as the research object.On the basis of explaining the basic concept of prefabricated components,BIM technology application methods,and related theories of prefabricated residential buildings,it analyzes the on-site deployment process of prefabricated components from the perspective of construction units,establishes a demand calculation model for prefabricated components and a construction site deployment model,and conducts engineering empirical analysis based on research results.Finally,it proposes improvement measures for the on-site deployment management of prefabricated residential buildings,The main research results are as follows:(1)Establish a demand calculation model for prefabricated components of prefabricated residential buildings.On the basis of the BIM three-dimensional model,deepen the of prefabricated components,and start with the overlapping relationship between processes,construct a construction cost and schedule optimization model based on the NSGA-Ⅱ Algorithm.Combining the deepening design results with the progress optimization results,BIM4D technology is used to associate work tasks with prefabricated component requirements,and a prefabricated component demand plan for prefabricated residential buildings is obtained.(2)Establish a construction site allocation model for prefabricated components of prefabricated residential buildings.The allocation model is divided into two parts:component scheduling and tower crane hoisting.The on-site scheduling process of prefabricated components is analyzed and calculated from the aspects of tower crane layout and selection,component yard location selection,transportation vehicle capacity calculation,and on-site scheduling.Based on this,a mathematical model of the tower crane hoisting process is constructed with the goal of minimizing the operating time of the tower crane,ultimately forming a complete prefabricated component construction site allocation model.(3)Taking the S prefabricated residential project as an example for empirical analysis.By establishing a BIM three-dimensional model,the feasibility and efficiency of the model were verified from aspects such as deepening the design of prefabricated components,optimizing schedule plans,preparing component demand plans,and calculating and solving construction site deployment plans.According to the calculation and optimization results,the optimized construction periods for the three prefabricated residential buildings included in Project S are 480 days,530 days,and 500 days,respectively.The operating time of the two tower cranes on the construction site has been optimized by 24%and 17%,respectively.