Comprehensive Improvement Of Ecological Function Through Landscape Design In Small Watershed

A watershed is a useful geographic area for ecologically sound growth and the systematic control of mountain,lake,farmland,and grassland areas.The pattern of land use is a thorough representation of human activity and a significant contributor to water contamination.Landscape types and their spatial patterns exhibit multi-scale spatiotemporal variety and have a substantial impact on the watershed ecosystem’s structure,process,and function.Urbanization has altered the types of land cover,increased land use conflict,and disorganized development and construction activities,which has weakened the basin’s ecological foundation,exacerbated the problem of nonpoint source pollution,and decreased the basin ecosystem’s capacity for self-restoration and regulation.To improve watershed ecological function and create a stable and sustainable watershed ecosystem,it is essential to identify key governance areas and significant governance problems and to implement watershed landscape design.In this study,land use patterns,land use conflict,and multi-scale buffer zones in Changtai District were analyzed using remote sensing data,land use data,and water quality data.Using the Fragstats program,the basin buffer landscape pattern index was determined.Using SPSS and R software,Pearson correlation analysis,redundancy analysis(RDA),and stepwise multiple regression analysis were performed to examine the relationship between watershed land use pattern and water quality,identify the key determinants of landscape pattern’s effects on water quality,and determine the ideal scale.The Longjin Watershed’s landscape was designed based on an analysis of the ecological function of the watershed’s existing state.The following are the primary conclusions:(1)There is a significant amount of land use dispute and an unequal spatial distribution of its value.The important governance regions for ecological restoration in the basin include buffer zones LJ-2,LJ-3,LJ-5,LJ-8,LJ-9,LJ-10,LJ-11,LJ-12,LJ-14,and LJ-15,which are mostly controlled by extremely serious conflict and severe conflict.(2)The relationship between land use pattern and water quality at various buffer scales in the basin was examined using Pearson correlation analysis,redundancy analysis(RDA),and stepwise multiple regression analysis.The results of these analyses revealed both similarities and differences.According to the RDA analysis’ s findings,a 100-meter buffer zone had the best interpretation of water quality for both the landscape pattern and land use type indices.In this study,the results of the three analysis methods were integrated to identify the key factors affecting water quality in the basin,and the landscape pattern optimization strategy was proposed on the basis of clarifying the five ecological functions of habitat restoration,habitat protection,habitat maintenance,soil conservation and erosion control.The optimization of landscape pattern should appropriately increase the spatial heterogeneity,connectivity,aggregation degree and the richness of landscape types.(3)Small watershed landscape design is carried out from three levels.The first level is the overall design,including landscape structure layout and landscape function layout.The second level is the optimal design of the buffer zone.The third level includes water ecological restoration,plant ecological restoration,spatial planning for agricultural production and spatial planning for ecological recreation.(4)This study constructed a framework for evaluating regional land use conflict and a small watershed landscape design path oriented to the comprehensive improvement of ecological functions.The key governance areas of the watershed were identified based on land use conflict assessment,the significant influence factors of landscape pattern on water quality and the optimal scale were identified based on the multi-scale relationship between land use patterns and water quality.Landscape design of small watershed was carried out at three levels according to the idea of overall design-buffer zone landscape pattern optimization-detailed design combined with the current ecological function of the basin.This research can provide scientific reference for the region’s water environment management and watershed landscape planning and design efforts.