Study On Building Fire Risk Assessment And Evacuation Route Planning In Smart City

As China’s urbanization process is accelerating,the problems of environmental pollution,traffic congestion and resource waste in cities are becoming more and more serious.Smart cities,with their advantages of intelligence and digitalization,are helpful to promote the coordinated development of urban informatization,industrialization and urbanization and the high-quality development of Chinese urbanization.At the same time,urbanization also brings urgent urban safety problems.One of the more serious is the urban fire problem,once the fire accident,it will bring great threat to people’s life and property safety.At present,many domestic and foreign scholars have carried out a lot of research on fire emergency evacuation,but the fire risk assessment system of smart city is still not perfect,and the actual fire evacuation depends on the two-dimensional evacuation instruction chart inside the building,which cannot be dynamically adjusted according to the situation inside the fire site.Therefore,It is urgent and necessary to conduct in-depth research on fire risk assessment and evacuation route planning in smart cities.Therefore,this paper takes the academic exchange and sharing space of a demonstration area of a smart city as the research object.Firstly,through literature review and combining with the specific situation of the project,it accurately identifies the influencing factors of the fire risk of smart city buildings.Then,the Delphi method is adopted to screen and analyze the various risk factors,and an evaluation system of the fire risk factors of smart city buildings is established.Secondly,the analytic hierarchy process is used to calculate the weight of each fire risk factor,and then the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is used to solve the quantitative evaluation results of each fire risk factor.The overall fire risk level of smart city buildings and the key risk is fire evacuation risk are obtained.Secondly,in order to simulate the fire evacuation situation of academic exchange and shared space,this paper uses Pathfinder software to construct a building fire evacuation model,and scientifically sets different population numbers and physiological parameter information according to the actual situation of the building for fire evacuation simulation.Through analysis,the building can be evacuated without evacuation guidance.The use efficiency of evacuation exit and evacuation channel is not balanced,which will affect the overall evacuation efficiency of the building.Finally,this paper proposes the construction method of real-time fire evacuation guidance system under the background of smart city.The system consists of a sensing layer,a data processing layer and an application layer.The sensing layer collects real-time fire indicators such as temperature,carbon monoxide volume fraction and personnel location information through detectors distributed in the building,and transmits data to the data processing layer through NB-Io T,UWB and other technologies.The data processing layer contains Floyd algorithm,which calculates the optimal evacuation path for personnel according to the dangerous location and personnel location information,and guides the people in the building to evacuate the fire through the application layer.The simulation comparison of evacuation paths before and after Floyd algorithm optimization in Pathfinder shows that after algorithm optimization,the distance of evacuation paths is shortened by 27.3m,the evacuation time is reduced by 31.3s,and the evacuation efficiency is increased by 24.3%,which can effectively improve the efficiency of fire evacuation and the level of fire emergency management in smart city.